109 research outputs found
Settling Business Disputes with North Koreans in the Advent of the External Economic Arbitration Law
The Tender Offer in Korea: An Analytic Comparison Between Korea and the United States
Even though the tender offer system in Korea was established in 1976, there were very few tender offer transactions until 1997. However, after Korea\u27s economic crisis in late 1997, the Korean government not only took a series of structural reform measures to improve the securities market system, but also widely opened the financial markets to foreign countries by abolishing or amending restrictions on foreign investment. The 1998 reforms to the Korea Securities Exchange Act included significant changes to tender offer regulations, making hostile takeovers more feasible. Since that time, the tender offer has been used as a tool to acquire control of corporations in Korea. In contrast, tender offers have been prominent in the United States\u27 legal world of corporations and securities for many decades and the law regarding tender offers is well established. This article examines the Korean tender offer regulations in comparison to analogous aspects of the more established securities law of the United States, offering recommendations for amendments to Korean law where applicable. Korea should revise its tender offer regulations to simplify confusing aspects of the regulations and process, force disclosure of information that is important to investors but not currently part of mandatory disclosure, and ease excessive restrictions on trading and voting rights in the tender offer process
Korean Hostile Takeovers and the Friendly Internationalization of the Securities Market: An Investor Protection Perspective
Recent Intensification of Investor Protection in the Korean Securities Market: The Mandatory and Fair Disclosure Systems
This Article analyzes the Korean fair disclosure system and the Korean mandatory disclosure system under the Korean Securities and Exchange Act ( KSEA ). After the turbulence in the financial markets resulting from the economic crises of late 1997, the South Korean government realized that the Korean economy had failed to keep pace with the world economy. The Korean economy underwent many changes after being offered financial relief from the International Monetary Fund. As part of these changes, the government adopted a series of structural reform measures to improve the standard of corporate governance and enhance corporate management. The KSEA now provides a vehicle for balancing information within the securities market, as does the Fair Disclosure Standard ( FIDS ), adopted in November 2002. The system, while an improvement, is not perfect. This Article compares Korean and U.S. fair disclosure and mandatory disclosure systems and addresses problems in the former. It also makes suggestions for improving Korean fair disclosure and mandatory disclosure regulations and securities practices
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Interleukin-2 induces the in vitro maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal organoids.
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived intestinal organoids (hIOs) form 3D structures organized into crypt and villus domains, making them an excellent in vitro model system for studying human intestinal development and disease. However, hPSC-derived hIOs still require in vivo maturation to fully recapitulate adult intestine, with the mechanism of maturation remaining elusive. Here, we show that the co-culture with human T lymphocytes induce the in vitro maturation of hIOs, and identify STAT3-activating interleukin-2 (IL-2) as the major factor inducing maturation. hIOs exposed to IL-2 closely mimic the adult intestinal epithelium and have comparable expression levels of mature intestinal markers, as well as increased intestine-specific functional activities. Even after in vivo engraftment, in vitro-matured hIOs retain their maturation status. The results of our study demonstrate that STAT3 signaling can induce the maturation of hIOs in vitro, thereby circumventing the need for animal models and in vivo maturation
Impact of immunosuppressant therapy on early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation
Background/AimsThe most commonly used immunosuppressant therapy after liver transplantation (LT) is a combination of tacrolimus and steroid. Basiliximab induction has recently been introduced; however, the most appropriate immunosuppression for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after LT is still debated.MethodsNinety-three LT recipients with HCC who took tacrolimus and steroids as major immunosuppressants were included. Induction with basiliximab was implemented in 43 patients (46.2%). Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was added to reduce the tacrolimus dosage (n=28, 30.1%). The 1-year tacrolimus exposure level was 7.2 ± 1.3 ng/mL (mean ± SD).ResultsThe 1- and 3-year recurrence rates of HCC were 12.9% and 19.4%, respectively. Tacrolimus exposure, cumulative steroid dosages, and MMF dosages had no impact on HCC recurrence. Induction therapy with basiliximab, high alpha fetoprotein (AFP; >400 ng/mL) and protein induced by vitamin K absence/antagonist-II (PIVKA-II; >100 mAU/mL) levels, and microvascular invasion were significant risk factors for 1-year recurrence (P<0.05). High AFP and PIVKA-II levels, and positive 18fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron-emission tomography findings were significantly associated with 3-year recurrence (P<0.05).ConclusionsInduction therapy with basiliximab, a strong immunosuppressant, may have a negative impact with respect to early HCC recurrence (i.e., within 1 year) in high-risk patients
TCTAP A-121 Transradial Versus Transfemoral Intervention in ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Drug-eluting Stents
TCTAP A-001 Twelve-month Clinical Outcomes of Transradial Coronary Artery Intervention: Comparison of the Right and Left Radial Artery Approach
High Cleavage Efficiency of a 2A Peptide Derived from Porcine Teschovirus-1 in Human Cell Lines, Zebrafish and Mice
When expression of more than one gene is required in cells, bicistronic or
multicistronic expression vectors have been used. Among various strategies
employed to construct bicistronic or multicistronic vectors, an internal
ribosomal entry site (IRES) has been widely used. Due to the large size and
difference in expression levels between genes before and after IRES, however, a
new strategy was required to replace IRES. A self-cleaving 2A peptide could be a
good candidate to replace IRES because of its small size and high cleavage
efficiency between genes upstream and downstream of the 2A peptide. Despite the
advantages of the 2A peptides, its use is not widespread because (i) there are
no publicly available cloning vectors harboring a 2A peptide gene and (ii)
comprehensive comparison of cleavage efficiency among various 2A peptides
reported to date has not been performed in different contexts. Here, we
generated four expression plasmids each harboring different 2A peptides derived
from the foot-and-mouth disease virus, equine rhinitis A virus, Thosea
asigna virus and porcine teschovirus-1, respectively, and evaluated
their cleavage efficiency in three commonly used human cell lines, zebrafish
embryos and adult mice. Western blotting and confocal microscopic analyses
revealed that among the four 2As, the one derived from porcine teschovirus-1
(P2A) has the highest cleavage efficiency in all the contexts examined. We
anticipate that the 2A-harboring cloning vectors we generated and the highest
efficiency of the P2A peptide we demonstrated would help biomedical researchers
easily adopt the 2A technology when bicistronic or multicistronic expression is
required
Mutual Funds Towards an International Marketplace and its Limitations for the Investor Protection: An Analysis of Mutual Funds in Korea and the United States from the Perspective of the Investor Protection
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