Multiple antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella species isolated from broilers and local chickens retailed along the roadside in Zaria, Nigeria

Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella species are the causative agents of various disease complexes in poultry such as colibacillosis, fowl typhoid, pullorum disease and salmonellosis. Some strains of E. coli and Salmonella spp. have been shown to be resistant to multiple antibiotics. We carried out a bacteriological investigation on 105 cloacal swabs from local and broiler chickens retailed along the roadside in Hanwa, Zaria for the occurrence of E. coli and Salmonella spp. by isolation through culture, and identification using biochemical and serotyping techniques. Serotyping of E. coli isolates was carried out with polyvalent E. coli O157:H7 antisera while Salmonella spp. isolates were serotyped using polyvalent antisera specific for all groups and type-factor for Salmonella spp. Presumptive isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using 13 panels of antibiotics for both E. coli and Salmonella spp. Results showed that the overall isolation rate of Salmonella spp. was 12 (11.4%), broiler chickens had higher isolation rate 9 (12.0%) of Salmonella than local chickens. However, the isolation rate of E. coli from local chickens 15 (50.0%) was higher compared to broilers 6 (8.0%). Also, non-E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli O157:H7 were isolated from both broilers and local chickens at a frequency of 15 (14.3%) and 6 (5.7%) respectively. The overall isolation rate of E. coli was 21 (20.0%). Multiple antibiotic resistance was observed among local and broiler chickens. However, E. coli and Salmonella species were 100% susceptible to Enrofloxacin. We therefore concluded that E. coli and Salmonella species are prevalent in the cloacae of both broiler and local chickens retailed along the roadside in Hanwa, Zaria, Nigeria and could pose serious veterinary and public health risks.Keywords: Escherichia coli, Isolation, Salmonella, Serotype, Zari

Aerobic bacteria isolated from dead-in-shell chicken embryos in Kaduna state, Nigeria

No Abstract.Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa Vol. 56 (2) 2008: pp. 158-16

Disinfectant effects of Purit®, Z-Germicide® and Carcil® on bacterial isolates from hatcheries in Kaduna state, Nigeria

Hatcheries in Kaduna State, Nigeria were investigated for isolation of aerobic bacteria. The following were isolated: Escherichia coli, Proteus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus sp and Micrococcus sp. On these isolates, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and kill-time of two commonly used and one relatively new disinfectant were determined. The two commonly used disinfectants were Purit® (chlorhexidine gluconate Bp 0.3 % w/v and cetrimide Bp 3.0 % w/v) and Z-germicide® (7 % tar acid phenol and 2 % cresol). The new one was Carcil® (Alkyl-benzyl-dimethyl ammonium chloride). It was observed that Purit® was most effective against E.coli since it required the lowest concentration of 0.00026 % for 1 minute to kill the bacteria. Z-germicide® was found to be effective at 0.00063 % for 5 minutes and Carcil® required 0.0031 % for 10 seconds. Purit® was also found to be the most effective of the three disinfectants on Pseudomonas sp but Z-germicide® showed best results on Proteus sp