State-of-the-Art for the use of Phase-Change Materials in Tanks Coupled with Heat Pumps

With the goal of increasing heat storage in the same accumulation volumes, phase-change materials are considered. There are different substances with different phase-change temperatures that can be used for storing heating or cooling implemented in heat pump systems for applications of space heating and cooling, ventilation or domestic hot water production. Reducing the size of the buffer tanks used with heat pumps, avoiding the oversizing of heat pumps or detaching thermal energy production and consumption are among the benefits that could result from the combination of heat pumps and latent heat thermal energy storage. In addition, this form of thermal energy storage allows enhancing the use of renewable energy sources as heat sources for heat pump systems. Most previous review works focus mainly on the different materials available that can be used as phase-change materials. Conversely, this review encloses, classifies and describes the results of different works found in the literature that studied individual solutions to enhance the performance of systems combining heat pumps and latent heat thermal energy storage.acceptedVersio

Efficient energy systems for the dry-cured meat industry

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Energy Efficient Drying Systems for the Dried Cured Meat Industry

Production of dry-cured meat requires large amounts of energy. To reduce the running costs in the dry-cured meat industry, which are closely related to the energy needs, eight energy systems for drying of meat were simulated and compared. Realistic drying conditions, 13 degrees Celsius and 68 % humidity, were applied. The best performing system was a system using a CO2 heat pump, dehumidifying as little of the drying air as possible, above the freezing point. The second best was similar, except an ammonia heat pump was used, with glycol circuits for heat transfer. Heat pump drying resulted in improvements from 70 to 92 % compared to an existing solution with cooling and electrical heating. Utilization of excess heat could improve this further, and had a large impact. Dewatering as little of air as possible and avoiding extra temperature differences with glycol were other important factors. A system compressing the air to allow condensation at higher temperatures performed worse than the existing solution, but was simple and avoided the use of a heat pump. An attempt to model an adsorber was not completed, but a preliminary result, close to an estimation based on the rated power, resulted in savings of 60 %. However, if surplus heat could be utilized, the best heat pump system required about 85 % less energy than the adsorber. At the applied conditions, the adsorber seemed to be less efficient than heat pump systems

Integrated heating and cooling CO2 heat pump system in a modern distribution centre

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Efficient energy systems for the dry-cured meat industry

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Integrated heating and cooling CO2 heat pump system in a modern distribution centre

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Integrated heating and cooling CO2 heat pump system in a modern distribution centre

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Integrated heating and cooling CO2 heat pump system in a modern distribution centre

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Integrated CO2 refrigeration and AC unit for hot climates

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Two-stage high temperature hybrid heat pump with parallel heat sinks

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