9 research outputs found
High efficiency and low absorption Fresnel compound zone plates for hard X-ray focusing
Circular and linear zone plates have been fabricated on the surface of
silicon crystals for the energy of 8 keV by electron beam lithography and deep
ion plasma etching methods. Various variants of compound zone plates with
first, second, third diffraction orders have been made. The zone relief height
is about 10 mkm, the outermost zone width of the zone plate is 0.4 mkm. The
experimental testing of the zone plates has been conducted on SPring-8 and ESRF
synchrotron radiation sources. A focused spot size and diffraction efficiency
measured by knife-edge scanning are accordingly 0.5 mkm and 39% for the first
order circular zone plate.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figure
Результаты вирусологического наблюдения за внутриутробными инфекциями в Санкт-Петербурге
The purpose of researchis the determiningthe etiological structure ofintrauterine infections in Saint-Petersburg pediatric patients, pregnant women andinfants born to them using a variety of virological methods.Methods: serum from 164 children aged from 1 month to 14 years with diagnosis of «intrauterine infection». Serum from 80 pregnant women, collected in each trimester (total – 240 samples, their 42 children (at the age of 1–2 and 4–6 months of life, total – 82 samples). Immunoglobulin Mand G (IgM and IgG)to herpes virus type 1, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Toxoplasma gondii, mycoplasma and chlamydia, rubella, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and parvovirus B19, as well as IgG avidity,were determined by ELISA in all these samples. Theimmunoblot (Western blot), using the «Immunoblot2000» with test kits from «Euroimmun AG» (Germany), was applied to confirm cases. Statistical analysis wasperformed with theprograms Microsoft Excel, Statistica6.Results: cytomegalovirus, herpes virus 1st type and Epstein-Barr virus infections are dominate in the structure of intrauterine ones (45%, 23% and 14%, respectively). Laboratory evidence ofreactivationof cytomegalovirus (35% ofpregnant womenin the 2nd and/or 3rd trimesters) and acuteparvovirus infection (15% of cases) were found. Specific IgM to cytomegalovirus were detected in 6,2% ofchildren in the firstsix months of life.Conclusions: with the aim of early detection of cytomegalovirus reactivation and acute parvovirus infection it isnecessary to monitor pregnant women with the definition of specific IgM, IgG and avidity IgG. The procedure to using immunoblotting in the diagnosis of intrauterine infectionsneeds to be further study.Цель: определение этиологической структуры ВУИ в Санкт-Петербурге у больных детей, беременных и рожденных ими детей с использованием различных вирусологических методик.Материалы и методы: сыворотки крови 164 детей в возрасте от 1 месяца до 14 лет с диагнозом «внутриутробная инфекция». Сыворотки крови от 80 беременных женщин (в каждом триместре, всего – 240 образцов) и 42 родившихся у них детей (в возрасте 1–2 и 4–6 месяцев, всего – 84 образца). Во всех образцах методом ИФА определяли иммуноглобулины класса M и G (IgМ и IgG) к герпесу 1-го типа, цитомегаловирусной (ЦМВ), токсоплазменной, микоплазменной и хламидийной инфекциям, краснухе, вирусу Эпштейна – Барр (ВЭБ) и парвовирусу В19, а также – авидность IgG антител. Для подтверждения использовали иммуноблоттинг (иммуноблот) на аппарате «Иммуноблот 2000» с использованием тестаборов фирмы Euroimmun AG (Германия). Статистическая обработка результатов проведена с использованием программ Microsoft Excel, Statistica 6.Результаты: в этиологической структуре внутриутробных инфекций доминируют цитомегаловирусная инфекция (45%), инфекция вирусом простого герпеса 1-го типа (23%) и вирусом Эпштейна – Барр (14%). У 35% беременных во 2-м и/или 3-м триместрах обнаруживаются лабораторные признаки реактивации цитомегаловирусной инфекции, в 15% случаев – острой парвовирусной инфекции. Специфические IgM к ЦМВ выявлены у 6,2% детей первых шести месяцев жизни.Выводы: необходимо осуществлять мониторинг беременных с целью своевременного выявления реактивации цитомегаловирусной и острой парвовирусной инфекций с определением специфических IgM, IgG и авидности IgG. Порядок использования иммуноблоттинга в диагностике внутриутробных инфекций нуждается в дальнейшем изучении
The results of virological surveillance for intrauterine infections in Saint-Petersburg
The purpose of researchis the determiningthe etiological structure ofintrauterine infections in Saint-Petersburg pediatric patients, pregnant women andinfants born to them using a variety of virological methods.Methods: serum from 164 children aged from 1 month to 14 years with diagnosis of «intrauterine infection». Serum from 80 pregnant women, collected in each trimester (total – 240 samples, their 42 children (at the age of 1–2 and 4–6 months of life, total – 82 samples). Immunoglobulin Mand G (IgM and IgG)to herpes virus type 1, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Toxoplasma gondii, mycoplasma and chlamydia, rubella, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and parvovirus B19, as well as IgG avidity,were determined by ELISA in all these samples. Theimmunoblot (Western blot), using the «Immunoblot2000» with test kits from «Euroimmun AG» (Germany), was applied to confirm cases. Statistical analysis wasperformed with theprograms Microsoft Excel, Statistica6.Results: cytomegalovirus, herpes virus 1st type and Epstein-Barr virus infections are dominate in the structure of intrauterine ones (45%, 23% and 14%, respectively). Laboratory evidence ofreactivationof cytomegalovirus (35% ofpregnant womenin the 2nd and/or 3rd trimesters) and acuteparvovirus infection (15% of cases) were found. Specific IgM to cytomegalovirus were detected in 6,2% ofchildren in the firstsix months of life.Conclusions: with the aim of early detection of cytomegalovirus reactivation and acute parvovirus infection it isnecessary to monitor pregnant women with the definition of specific IgM, IgG and avidity IgG. The procedure to using immunoblotting in the diagnosis of intrauterine infectionsneeds to be further study