Kondisi Penyimpanan Kacang Tanah dan Potensi Cemaran Aspergillus Flavus pada Pedagang Pengecer Pasar Tradisional di Wilayah Jakarta

Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi cemaran aflatoksin pada biji kacang tanah atau ose di wilayah Jakarta belum pernah dilaporkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di pasar tradisional dengan 15 pedagang pengecer kacang tanah sebagai responden (n=15). Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi kondisi penyimpanan dan perilaku pengecer dalam menyimpan kacang tanah serta mengidentifikasi potensi cemaran Aspergillus flavus pada kacang tanah. Tahap penelitian meliputi survei di area pengecer (wawancara, pengamatan langsung dan pengukuran suhu serta kelembaban relatif (RH) di area penyimpanan) serta analisis kacang tanah (kadar air, biji cacat, dan keberadaan A. flavus). Hasil studi menunjukkan rata-rata kisaran suhu area penyimpanan kacang tanah di kios pengecer berkisar antara 29,6–31,2 °C. Hal ini tidak sesuai dengan rekomendasi Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), meskipun sebagian besar rata-rata kisaran RH area penyimpanan berkisar antara 53,6–73,1% dan kadar air kacang tanah sebesar 6,23–7,86% yang sesuai dengan rekomendasi CAC. Rata-rata biji rusak, biji keriput dan biji belah ditemukan pada kisaran, berturut-turut, 3,9-19,1%, 5,4–32,3% dan 0,2–8,8%. Rata-rata total kapang dan A. flavus pada sampel kacang tanah, masing-masing, ditemukan berkisar antara 2,5–5,6 log cfu/g dan 1,3–4,0 log cfu/g. Total kapang pada sampel kacang tanah memiliki korelasi positif yang kuat dengan biji rusak (r = 0,74), dan berkorelasi positif pada tingkat sedang dengan suhu (r = 0,41), kadar air (r = 0,42) dan perilaku pengecer dalam pembersihan langit-langit kios (r = 0,44) serta penempatan wadah simpan kacang tanah (r = 0,44). Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan A. flavus pada sampel kacang tanah berkorelasi positif lemah dengan kelembaban relatif di area penyimpanan (r = 0,26) dan tidak memiliki korelasi secara signifikan dengan biji rusak maupun semua kondisi penyimpanan lainnya

Sequence Analysis and Modeling of Antimicrobial Peptide from Goat Milk Protein Hydrolyzed by Bromelain

Hydrolysis of goat milk protein by bromelain generates fractions 10 kDa which act as antimicrobe. The fractions contain some peptides that not all were biologically active. Sequence analysis and modeling of the peptides sequences are important to predict their potential bioactivities. The aims of this study were to obtain physicochemical and structure prediction of peptides and their relation with antimicrobial activity. The study was conducted by sequencing of selected fraction in the electrophoresis gel, analyzing and modeling. Analysis of the peptide showed that peptide VLVLDTDYK that predicted from β-lactoglobulin sequence had similar sequence with antimicrobial peptide indolicidin which active to Gram positive bacteria. Peptide LVNELTEFAK was potent to be antimicrobial peptide with therapeutic index 28.69. Modeling of the peptide showed that peptide LVNELTEFAK was able to form helix which important for interaction with microbial membrane. Replacing 2nd amino acid Valine (V) to Alanine (A) and 4th amino acid Glutamic acid (E) to Serine (S) might able to increase the therapeutic index to 94.91. Based on the result, peptide LVNELTEFAK potent to be antimicrobial peptide and replacing certain amino acid was able to increase therapeutic index and its antimicrobial activity

Evaluasi Kualitas Semen Beku Akibat Perbedaan Metode Lama Equilibrasi Dan Lama Penurunan Suhu Selama Prosesing Semen

The research is experiment in laboratory with using semen from 3 Priangan rams. The experiment use completely Randomized Design (CRD) of 4 x 4 Faktorial with three Priangan rams as replications. The treatment are equilibration time as first faktor with level 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, and freezing time as second faktor with level 4 minutes, 8 minutes, 12 minutes, and 16 minutes.The variable observed is sperm motility, sperm abnormality, sperm membrane intact and sperm macrodome intact after thawing. Data was analysis by Analysis of Variance and further analysis by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT).The result of experiment show that treatment between 3 hours equilibration and 12 minutes freezing time are the best significantly influence (P 0>01) with significantly (P >0,05) with significantly interaction between two factors on sperm motility, sperm membrane intact and sperm macrodome intact after thawing but there is no interaction(P<0,05) for sperm abnormality after thawing

Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats

In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security