Characteristics of Patients with Estrogen Receptor (ER)-Negative, Progesterone Receptor (PR)-Negative, and HER2-Negative Invasive Breast Cancer in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia from 2010 to 2011

Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer that has been diagnosed among Indonesian women. One of the subtypes that frequently being studied is the triple negative breast cancer which has poorer prognosis among all subtypes. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidents and the characteristics of triple negative breast cancer patients.Methods: This study used triple negative breast cancer patients’ medical records in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. Some characteristics were identified, such as age at presentation, menopause status, tumor size, stage at presentation, grades of tumor, pathological features, and metastatic status.  Data were taken during 2010 and 2011 and presented in table.Results: Thirty women among 252 patients were identified as having triple negative breast cancer. Based on those 30 cases, 11 patients were in the age group of 40‒55 years. Fifteen out of 30 cases were premenopausal. From 30 cases, 14 patients had tumor size bigger than 5 cm.  Sixteen cases had stage III tumor.  Most of the cases were invasive ductal carcinoma mammae as their histological features. Two cases had metastized to pleura.Conclusions: The incidence rate of triple negative breast cancer in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital is 11.9% with these common characteristics: range of age are between 40 to 45 years, have a premenopausal, had >5cm tumor , stage III tumor and has histological feature IDC, and only 2 patients were metastized to pleura. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.49

Characteristics of Patients with Estrogen Receptor (ER)-Negative, Progesterone Receptor (PR)-Negative, and HER2-Negative Invasive Breast Cancer in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia from 2010 to 2011

Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer that has been diagnosed among Indonesian women. One of the subtypes that frequently being studied is the triple negative breast cancer which has poorer prognosis among all subtypes. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidents and the characteristics of triple negative breast cancer patients.Methods: This study used triple negative breast cancer patients’ medical records in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. Some characteristics were identified, such as age at presentation, menopause status, tumor size, stage at presentation, grades of tumor, pathological features, and metastatic status.  Data were taken during 2010 and 2011 and presented in table.Results: Thirty women among 252 patients were identified as having triple negative breast cancer. Based on those 30 cases, 11 patients were in the age group of 40‒55 years. Fifteen out of 30 cases were premenopausal. From 30 cases, 14 patients had tumor size bigger than 5 cm.  Sixteen cases had stage III tumor.  Most of the cases were invasive ductal carcinoma mammae as their histological features. Two cases had metastized to pleura.Conclusions: The incidence rate of triple negative breast cancer in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital is 11.9% with these common characteristics: range of age are between 40 to 45 years, have a premenopausal, had >5cm tumor , stage III tumor and has histological feature IDC, and only 2 patients were metastized to pleura. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.49

High dose oral rifampicin to improve survival from adult tuberculous meningitis: A randomised placebo-controlled double-blinded phase III trial (the HARVEST study)

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), the most severe form of tuberculosis (TB), results in death or neurological disability in >50%, despite World Health Organisation recommended therapy. Current TBM regimen dosages are based on data from pulmonary TB alone. Evidence from recent phase II pharmacokinetic studies suggests that high dose rifampicin (R) administered intravenously or orally enhances central nervous system penetration and may reduce TBM associated mortality. We hypothesize that, among persons with TBM, high dose oral rifampicin (35 mg/kg) for 8 weeks will improve survival compared to standard of care (10 mg/kg), without excess adverse events. Protocol: We will perform a parallel group, randomised, placebo-controlled, double blind, phase III multicentre clinical trial comparing high dose oral rifampicin to standard of care. The trial will be conducted across five clinical sites in Uganda, South Africa and Indonesia. Participants are HIV-positive or negative adults with clinically suspected TBM, who will be randomised (1:1) to one of two arms: 35 mg/kg oral rifampicin daily for 8 weeks (in combination with standard dose isoniazid [H], pyrazinamide [Z] and ethambutol [E]) or standard of care (oral HRZE, containing 10 mg/kg/day rifampicin). The primary end-point is 6-month survival. Secondary end points are: i) 12-month survival ii) functional and neurocognitive outcomes and iii) safety and tolerability. Tertiary outcomes are: i) pharmacokinetic outcomes and ii) cost-effectiveness of the intervention. We will enrol 500 participants over 2.5 years, with follow-up continuing until 12 months post-enrolment. Discussion: Our best TBM treatment still results in unacceptably high mortality and morbidity. Strong evidence supports the increased cerebrospinal fluid penetration of high dose rifampicin, however conclusive evidence regarding survival benefit is lacking. This study will answer the important question of whether high dose oral rifampicin conveys a survival benefit in TBM in HIV-positive and -negative individuals from Africa and Asia. Trial registration: ISRCTN15668391 (17/06/2019

Characteristics of Patients with Estrogen Receptor (ER)-Negative, Progesterone Receptor (PR)-Negative, and HER2-Negative Invasive Breast Cancer in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia from 2010 to 2011

Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer that has been diagnosed among Indonesian women. One of the subtypes that frequently being studied is the triple negative breast cancer which has poorer prognosis among all subtypes. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidents and the characteristics of triple negative breast cancer patients. Methods: This study used triple negative breast cancer patients’ medical records in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. Some characteristics were identified, such as age at presentation, menopause status, tumor size, stage at presentation, grades of tumor, pathological features, and metastatic status. Data were taken during 2010 and 2011 and presented in table. Results: Thirty women among 252 patients were identified as having triple negative breast cancer. Based on those 30 cases, 11 patients were in the age group of 40‒55 years. Fifteen out of 30 cases were premenopausal. From 30 cases, 14 patients had tumor size bigger than 5 cm. Sixteen cases had stage III tumor. Most of the cases were invasive ductal carcinoma mammae as their histological features. Two cases had metastized to pleura. Conclusions: The incidence rate of triple negative breast cancer in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital is 11.9% with these common characteristics: range of age are between 40 to 45 years, have a premenopausal, had >5cm tumor , stage III tumor and has histological feature IDC, and only 2 patients were metastized to pleura