Study of image fusion using discrete wavelet and multiwavelet transform

ABSTRACT: Image fusion is processes of combining complementary information from a set of input images. The resultant fused image give large and reliable information. In this paper we study about Discrete wavelet and Discrete Multiwavelet and there use in image fusion. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) technique is used for multi Resolution fusion. Multi Resolution fusion uses wavelet transform at multi scale for the representation of the source images. Multiwavelets are extension of scalar wavelets, and have many advantages over scalar wavelets. Multiwavelet analysis can provide a more absolute image analysis than wavelet multiresolution analysis.In this paper DWT and DMWT are qualitatively compaired with each other Keywords: Image fusion, multiwavelet transform,wavelet transform . multisensor image . I.INTRODUCTION Image Fusion is defined as the task or technique of combining two or more images into a single image. The new single image retains important information from each input image. Image fusion is a powerful tool used to increase the quality of image. Image fusion increases reliability, decreases uncertainty and storage cost by a single informative image than storing multiple images Image fusion can take place at three different levels pixel feature,decision level Image fusion technique can be classified into two categories -Direct Image Fusion and Multi resolution Image Fusion. Multiresolution Image fusion techniques based on pixel level fusion methods. Multi Resolution fusion uses wavelet and multiwavelet transform at multi scale for the representation of the input images. Image fusion based on the DWT can provide better performance than fusion based on other multiscale methods such as Laplacian pyramid, morphological pyramid. Wavelet transform in multiresolution can provide good localization in both frequency and space domains. In comparision with other multiscale transforms, the discretewavelet transform is more compact, and give detail about directional information in the low-low, high-low, low-high, and high-high bands, and contains unique information at different resolutions. The main dwarback of the scalar wavelet functions is time-frequency localization property. Multiwavelets have more than two scaling and wavelet functions. The multi-wavelet has many outstanding properties like orthogonality, short support, symmetry, and high degree of vanishing moments which is desirable for image processing . A multiwavelet system provides perfect reconstruction also preserve length (orthogonality), good performance at the boundaries , and a high order of approximation . By this multiwavelets gives superior performance for image processing applications as compared with the scalar wavelets. II.IMAGE FUSION: SCALAR WAVELETS The wavelet transform is use to detect local features in a signal process. It also used for decomposition of two dimensional (2D) signals such as 2D gray-scale image signals for multiresolution analysis. In wavelet transforms a signal is decomposed in lower frequency band and high frequency bands. In discrete wavelet transform (DWT), twochannel filter bank is used. When decomposition is performed, the approximation and detail component can be separated 2-D Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) converts the image from the spatial domain to frequency domain. The image is divided by vertical and horizontal lines and represents the first-order of DWT, and the image can be separated with four parts those are LL1, LH1, HL1 and HH1. [10

Ethno-veterinary study of medicinal plants in Charkhi Dadri district of Haryana, India

Ethno-veterinary medicinal plants are important as they are used extensively in many rural areas of the world where people heavily rely on traditional herbal treatments to treat their domestic animals. Indigenous herbal remedies utilized for centuries to keep animals healthy and verbally passed down through the generations. Charkhi Dadri is a district of Haryana situated in the Trans-Gangetic Plains area of India. A total of 45 distinct medicinal plants were studied from 31 families to explore their ethno-veterinary uses of which herbs comprised the majority of the plants followed by trees, shrubs, and climbers. The seeds, leaves and whole plants are the most popular plant parts used. The people can use the documentation of this native knowledge to promote the adoption of traditional methods for treating livestock problems since time immemorial. The findings of this study demonstrate the viability of traditional medicine, which primarily relies on the usage of medicinal herbs to provide for the healthcare needs of cattle in the Charkhi Dadri District of Haryana. The information gathered from the region’s livestock farmers may also utilize to manage the nation’s system for caring for livestock and enhance the quality of life in humans

A STUDY TO ASSESS THE PREVALENCE OF WHATSAPP ADDICTION AMONG NURSING STUDENTS OF HIMALAYAN SCHOOL OF NURSING KALA-AMB DISTRICT SIRMAUR, HIMACHAL PRADESH.

Objective:To assess the prevalence of whatsapp addiction among nursing students of Himalayan school of nursing Kala-Amb Himachal Pradesh. Methodology:A cross sectional descriptive study was used, a sample size of 60 nursing students were selected by using Purposive sampling technique, Semi structured questionnaire were used to assess the prevalence of whatsapp addiction among nursing students of Himalayan school of nursing Kala-Amb Himachal Pradesh. Result: The study revealed that among 60 Nursing students, Benefits of using whatspp is easy way 57(95%), improve IPR 40(66.6%), building friendship 42(70%), fast and speedily 50(83.3%), and long distance communication 56(93.3%) . The Drawback of using whatspp is unwanted relations 32(53.3%), lack interaction without society 37(61.6%), no face to face interaction 48(80%) ignoring people around use 30(50%), and reduce attachment with parents 32(53.3%).When not using how you do feel are happy 39 (65%), calm 35(58.3), loneliness 27(45%), restlessness 23(38.3%)and stress 15(25%).Whatspp is mainly used for the group 51(85%),friends 60(100%), relatives 59(98.3%),(Education purpose 53(88.3%) and General purpose 46(76.6%)

Spontaneous Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome in a Triplet Pregnancy

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a potentially life-threatening complication, usually iatrogenic after ovulation induction. OHSS is a very rare event in spontaneously conceived pregnancies. Only few cases have been reported in literature to the best of our knowledge. We report a very rare case of spontaneous critical OHSS (according to classification of severity of OHSS as mentioned in Greentop guidelines no. 5, 2006) associated with triplet pregnancy in a 26-year-old woman suffering from severe abdominal pain, distension, and dyspnea. Our case highlights the importance of a strong suspicion for OHSS when a clinical presentation could not be explained by common medical conditions

Nano-Iron and Nano-Zinc Induced Growth and Metabolic Changes in Vigna radiata

The widespread industrial use and consequent release of nanosized iron (nFe3O4) and zinc oxide (nZnO) particles into the environment have raised concerns over their effects on living organisms, including plants. These nanoparticles are the source of their respective metal ions and although plants require both Fe and Zn ions for proper growth, excessive levels of these metals are toxic to them. A better understanding of the effects of these nanoparticles on plants also offers an opportunity for their useful applications in agriculture. The present work evaluates the changes in seed germination, plant growth, photosynthetic capacity, levels of biomolecules and antioxidant enzymes in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek when grown in the presence of nFe3O4 (size 1–4 nm) and nZnO (size 10–20 nm) and compared to the control plants. The plants were raised hydroponically for up to 14 days at two different concentrations of nanoparticles, viz. 10 and 100 mg/L. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) results established that V. radiata can accumulate Fe and Zn in shoots with high efficiency. The results indicated that nFe3O4 had a favourable effect on V. radiata, whereas no apparent benefit or toxicity of nZnO was observed at the tested concentrations