Spindle Cell Variant of Medullary Carcinoma Thyroid- A Case Report

A 14-year-old girl presented with a solitary thyroid nodule since 1 year. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) from the thyroid swelling revealed discretely arranged spindle cells with scant cytoplasm. Because of diagnostic dilemma, a provisional diagnosis of spindle cell lesion of thyroid was given as distinction of amyloid from collagen and basement-like material was difficult on cytology smears. Also, spindle cell might be seen in anaplastic carcinoma, melanoma, soft tissue sarcomas, etc. Tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin and chromogranin in cell block preparation. Thus, the diagnosis of spindle cell variant of medullary carcinoma thyroid was given

Cytomorphological Analysis of Skin Adnexal Tumors

Objectives: To study the cytomorphological features and pitfalls in the cytological diagnosis of various skin adnexal tumors (AT).Methods: This is a two-year cross sectional descriptive study. Cases diagnosed as skin AT on cytology were included in the study. Histological correlation was done on the biopsies which were available. Pitfalls on cytology were evaluated keeping histopathology as the gold standard for diagnosis.Results: A total of 46 cases of skin AT were included in the study. Upper limb was the most common site involved by them (36.96%). Young adults were the most commonly affected age group. Of the 46 aspirates, 26 cases (56.50%) which were typed include pilomatricoma (14 cases), chondroid syringoma (6 cases), skin AT of eccrine origin (5 cases) and sebaceous origin (1 case). Specific typing was not possible in 20 cases in this study. The authors did not diagnose any primary malignant tumor of skin in this study. 21 cases had histopathological correlation. Two cases of pilomatricoma showed discordance on histopathology. Out of the five cases diagnosed as skin AT of eccrine origin, one case was confirmed as eccrine poroma and the other as eccrine spiradenoma on histopathology. Out of the 20 cases, which could not be specified on cytology, five were diagnosed as nodular hidradenoma.Conclusion: FNAC is a useful investigation for diagnosing skin AT but all cases of skin adnexal tumors cannot be typed on cytology

Avascular necrosis of humeral head in an elderly patient with tuberculosis: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Osteonecrosis (avascular necrosis) is known to be caused by high-dose corticosteroid therapy, alcoholism and rarely by infections. However, a tubercular etiology of this condition is very rare. A review of the literature yielded only a few cases of polyarticular tuberculosis with osteonecrosis in immunosuppressed individuals. No case of monoarticular tubercular osteonecrosis diagnosed by aspiration cytology was found. Since tuberculosis is a curable disease, an early and accurate diagnosis is essential.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 60-year-old Indian man presented with diffuse swelling and pain in the left shoulder for the previous 6 months. A computed tomography scan of the left shoulder revealed crescentic lucency in the humeral head, suggestive of osteonecrosis. Fine needle aspiration cytology smears from the swelling showed features of an acute suppurative lesion. Stain for acid-fast bacillus was positive and thus, a final clinico-pathological diagnosis of osteonecrosis of humeral head with tubercular etiology was rendered. The patient was initiated on anti-tuberculous therapy with symptomatic improvement in his condition.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Osteonecrosis, a debilitating disease, may rarely occur due to tuberculosis, especially in endemic areas. Fine needle aspiration cytology is an effective and inexpensive modality for an early diagnosis of the tubercular etiology of osteonecrosis.</p

Gouty Tophi - Uncommon Entity on Cytology

Gouty tophi are nodular masses of monosodium urate crystals deposited in soft tissues, common sites being fingers, toes, bursae of elbows and helix of ears. Rarely tophi can develop without acute gouty arthritis. Here we report such a clinically unsuspected case of gouty tophi, which presented with a soft tissue swelling on elbow, but was diagnosed as gouty tophi on FNAC

Association of psycho-wellness with various blood types in young medical students

Background: There are many stressors that affect student’s mental health. Many evidences indicate that individuals of different blood group have different response to same stressor, suggesting that the genetics of blood type also appear to alter susceptibility to develop neuropsychiatric disease. This study aimed to find out association of blood group with depression so early detection of depression and stress by blood types helps to reduce the overall burden of illness of young students thus improve their academic performance and social life.  Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 226 medical students. They are interrogated as per MMS scale to assess the psycho-wellbeing of students. ABO and Rh blood groups were determined by Anti sera A, Anti sera B and Anti sera D. Data were analysed with Primer version 6 and Chi-square.Results: In the present study it was observed that majority of students belong to blood group B (39.38%), followed by blood group 'O' (27.88%), 'A' (27.66%) and 'AB' (7.08%) respectively. Blood type A was more in red zone and more prone to PTSD (post traumatic syndrome disorders). Whereas blood type B was more prone to suicidal tendency. Proportion of psychomorbidity was found more in Rh+ than Rh (28.16% verse 15%). But these variations were statistically insignificant.  Conclusions: Blood type 'A' and 'Rh+' were more prone to psycho morbidity and ‘B’ for suicidal tendency, while 'O' had least suicidal tendency but this variation was not found significant. So it can be concluded that there is no association between blood type and psycho wellness of individual.

Poland syndrome with ipsilateral hypoplasia of gluteal muscles and contralateral hidradenitis suppurativa

Background: Poland syndrome (PS) is a rare congenital anomaly associated with absent or hypoplastic pectoralis major muscle and a wide spectrum of ipsilateral thoracic and upper extremity deformities. Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a recurrent inflammatory follicular disease that commonly affects the apocrine-bearing skin and involves follicular occlusion and hyperkeratosis. Case Report: We report a case of a 46-year-old male with a history of chronic recurrent hidradenitis suppurativa who was incidentally found to have a simple type of Poland syndrome with incidental hypoplasia of ipsilateral gluteal muscles. Conclusions: Not only can PS present with HS, which we describe for the first time, but it is also associated with a wide variability of symptoms such as previously unknown co-existence of gluteal muscles hypoplasia

Design, Formulation and evaluation of sustained release tablet of divelproex sodium

In the present work, formulation and evaluation of Sustained tablet of Divalproex sodium was carried out. In the project, different formulations of sustained release layer have been prepared. From above formulations best formulation of each sustained release was selected according to the dissolution profile. Divalproex sodium is soluble in 0.1 N NaOH, phosphate buffer pH 6.8, chloroform, methanol, ethanol (95%), and sparingly soluble in water. The absorbance maximum of the Divalproex sodium was found to be at 210 nm when scanned in between 200-400 nm using methanol as well as phosphate buffer pH 6.8 solutions. All the characteristic peaks of Divalproex sodium were present in the spectrum of drug and excipient mixture, indicating compatibility between drug and excipients. In the present work SR tablets of Divalproex sodium were prepared by wet granulation method, using polymer like HPMC K4M for sustained release. Best formulations of was selected for&nbsp; Divalproex sodium were subjected to hardness, weight variation, friability, drug content uniformity, in vitro drug release and drug polymer interaction. Keywords: Divalproex sodium, Sustained Release, HPMC and Epilepsy