Efikasi Asap Cair dari Kayu Bengkirai terhadap Phytophthora Citrophthora

Bengkirai is one of kind of woods usually used for furnitures and produces lots of woodcuts. This woodcut become the raw material for liquid smoke. The efficacy of liquid smoke produced from bengkirai wood against Phytophthora citrophthora was evaluated. The aim of this research was to evaluate antimicrobial properties of liquid smoke from bengkirai wood against P. citrophthora. Three kinds of liquid smoke were used in three temperatures i.e., 350, 400 and 450ºC. Efficacy of liquid smoke from bengkirai wood for antimicrobial used PDA medium. Simple linear regression was used to measured the effect of liquid smoke concentration to inhibition of P. citrophthora growth. The relationship between the concentration of liquid smoke (X) and inhibition of fungal growth, P. citrophthora (Y) at 350, 400, and 450ºC were Y = 24.51 + 5.27X (r2 = 0.98), Y = 54.31 + 5.53X (r2 = 0,92), and Y = 51.32 + 16.87X (r2 = 0.80). The results showed that the concentration of liquid smoke was significantly different for inhibition of P. citrophthora growth. The higher the concentration the higher the inhibition of microbial growth. The highest inhibition was on liquid smoke of bengkirai wood with temperature pyrolysis of 450ºC and concentration of liquid smoke of 1% with average value of 100%. IntisariBengkirai merupakan bahan baku pembuatan furniture yang banyak menghasilkan limbah potongan kayu. Limbah potongan kayu ini dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber pembuatan asap cair. Penelitian tentang efikasi asap cair dari kayu bengkirai terhadap Phytophthora citrophthora telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi sifat antimikrobia asap cair kayu bengkirai dalam menghambat pertumbuhan P. citrophthora secara in vitro. Tiga jenis asap cair kayu bengkirai hasil pirolisis pada suhu 350, 400, dan 450ºC. Medium PDA digunakan untuk efikasi asap cair kayu bengkirai terhadap pertumbuhan P. citrophthora. Analisis regresi linier sederhana digunakan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh konsentrasi terhadap daya hambat pertumbuhan P. citrophthora. Konsentrasi asap cair kayu bengkirai yang digunakan adalah 0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 dan 2,0 %, v/v. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara konsentrasi asap cair (X) dan daya hambat pertumbuhan P. citrophthora (Y) pada suhu pirolisis asap cair 350, 400, dan 450ºC berturut-turut adalah Y = 24,51 + 5,27X (r2 = 0,98), Y = 54,31 + 5,53X (r2 = 0,92), dan Y = 51,32 + 16,87X (r2 = 0,80). Makin tinggi konsentrasi asap cair kayu bengkirai makin tinggi daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan P. citrophthora. Daya hambat pertumbuhan P. citrophthora tertinggi (100 %) pada perlakuan asap cair kayu bengkirai yang diproduksi pada suhu pirolisis 450ºC dan konsentrasi 1 %

Status Dan Perkembangan Resistensi Aedes Aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) Strain Bandung, Bogor, Makassar, Palu, Dan VCRU Terhadap Insektisida Permetrin Dengan Seleksi Lima Generasi

Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) is the main vector of dengue fever. In Indonesia, insecticides, especially pyrethroids, such as permethrin, have been effectively used to control Ae. aegypti. Notwithstanding that permethrin has been used since 1980s, information regarding the status and development of resistance of Ae. aegypti to permethrin is still limited and need further update. This study was conducted using the WHO standard test method. The aims was to determine the resistance status, and changes in resistance level of four field strains (Palu, Makassar, Bandung, Bogor) and susceptible strain (VCRU) of Ae. aegypti after the selection with permethrin for five generations. The results showed that resistance status of all field strains to permethrin were considered as high. The value of RR50 ranged between 10.5 to 25.7 fold. Bandung strain had the highest value of RR50 (22.5 fold), while Makassar strain had the lowest value of RR50 (10.5 fold). The fifth generation (F5) of five selected Ae. aegypti strains had the level of resistance 5 to 18 times higher than their parental. Knowledge of resistance status in a given area accompanied with the understanding about the development of resistance can be used to design a better vector management

Resistensi Lalat Rumah, Musca Domestica Linnaeus (Diptera: Muscidae) Dari Empat Kota Di Indonesia Terhadap Permetrin Dan Propoksur

House flies (Musca domestica Linnaeus) is one of the common urban pests causing health, economics, and aesthetics problems. Although intensive control by using inseticides are carried out, there are reports of control failures, which are probably due to insect resistance. Bioassay tests with topical application to study the status as well as resistance mechanism of house flies collected from the city of Jakarta (JKT), Bandung (BDG), Yogyakarta (YGY) and Surabaya (SBY) to pyrethroid (permethrin) and carbamate (propoxur) insecticides were carried out. The results show that, as compared to the most susceptible strain (YGY), we found that BDG strain is highly resistant to permethrin with resistance ratio (RR) of 133.7 fold. SBY strain was the most resistant to propoxur with RR of 38.36 fold, followed by Bandung strain with RR of 18.22 fold. The addition of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) to either permethrin or propoxur in most of the strains caused a decrease in LD50 values and increasing the synergist ratio (SR) suggesting that the detoxifying enzyme mixed function oxidase (MFO) played an important role in the development of resistance to permethrin and propoxur. Our study is the first report of M. domestica resistance to permethrin and propoxur in Indonesia