EMPOWER. Deliverable no 3.2 Business model methodology

Based on EMPOWER Deliverable 3.1 and the use of complimenting resources, a Business Model Methodology is outlined in this deliverable in order to support and organize the work effort that should be performed to develop sound business models for the services that should be tested in four Living Lab Cities participating in the project. This deliverable includes an account how the methodology has driven the organization of the modelling work that will be performed at a later stage in the project and consequently provide input to both other tasks within WP3 as wells as tasks in other Work Packages

EMPOWER. Deliverable no 3.1 International review of business models and best practice

Through a literature and case study review ten key success factors to support the design and implementation of incentive-scheme based business models within EMPOWER promoting reduction of CFV use were identified, which will provide input to both other tasks within WP 3 as wells as tasks in other Work Packages

Supplementary Material for: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Failure in Preterm Infants: Incidence, Predictors and Consequences

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Preterm infants ≤32 weeks' gestation are increasingly being managed on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), without prior intubation and surfactant therapy. Some infants treated in this way ultimately fail on CPAP and require intubation and ventilation. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To define the incidence, predictors and consequences of CPAP failure in preterm infants managed with CPAP from the outset. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Preterm infants 25-32 weeks' gestation were included in the study if inborn and managed with CPAP as the initial respiratory support, with division into two gestation ranges and grouping according to whether they were successfully managed on CPAP (CPAP-S) or failed on CPAP and required intubation <72 h (CPAP-F). Predictors of CPAP failure were sought, and outcomes compared between the groups. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 297 infants received CPAP, of which 65 (22%) failed, with CPAP failure being more likely at lower gestational age. Most infants failing CPAP had moderate or severe respiratory distress syndrome radiologically. In multivariate analysis, CPAP failure was found to be predicted by the highest FiO₂ in the first hours of life. CPAP-F infants had a prolonged need for respiratory support and oxygen therapy, and a higher risk of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 25-28 weeks' gestation (CPAP-F 53% vs. CPAP-S 14%, relative risk 3.8, 95% CI 1.6, 9.3) and a substantially higher risk of pneumothorax at 29-32 weeks. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> CPAP failure in preterm infants usually occurs because of unremitting respiratory distress syndrome, is predicted by an FiO₂ ≥0.3 in the first hours of life, and is associated with adverse outcomes