State Sponsored Deposit Insurance and Populism in US

本稿は、20世紀初頭米国中西部諸州などに存在した州法預金保険制度の成立とポピュリズム・ポピュリスト運動との関係を、カンザス州を事例に明らかにすることを目的とする。カンザス州は隣接するネブラスカ州とともに、19世紀末のポピュリスト運動が州の政治に大きな影響を与えた州である。ポピュリスト運動は20世紀初頭には政党運動としてはほぼ消滅している。ただ、預金保険制度の成立には、ポピュリズム思想が大きな影響を与えたとする議論も通説的という試みである。カンザス州においては、州の成立以降1930年代までの銀行統計及び州銀行預金者保証制度運営関係の政府関係資料が十分でなく、本稿においては、本格的分析のたたき台を提示するにとどまることをあらかじめ述べておく。departmental bulletin pape

Photoswitchable diacylglycerols enable optical control of protein kinase C.

Increased levels of the second messenger lipid diacylglycerol (DAG) induce downstream signaling events including the translocation of C1-domain-containing proteins toward the plasma membrane. Here, we introduce three light-sensitive DAGs, termed PhoDAGs, which feature a photoswitchable acyl chain. The PhoDAGs are inactive in the dark and promote the translocation of proteins that feature C1 domains toward the plasma membrane upon a flash of UV-A light. This effect is quickly reversed after the termination of photostimulation or by irradiation with blue light, permitting the generation of oscillation patterns. Both protein kinase C and Munc13 can thus be put under optical control. PhoDAGs control vesicle release in excitable cells, such as mouse pancreatic islets and hippocampal neurons, and modulate synaptic transmission in Caenorhabditis elegans. As such, the PhoDAGs afford an unprecedented degree of spatiotemporal control and are broadly applicable tools to study DAG signaling

Estudos das relações estrutura-toxicidade de agrotóxicos

Computational methods such as electrostatic and structural similarity of compounds were used to determine a similarity pattern for pesticides present in the database of the Medicinal Chemistry Group IQSC/USP. A collection consisting of herbicides and insecticides allowed and banned, according to the World Health Organization was used in this study. Several chemometric analyzes were performed to determine the recognition pattern processes in the classification of substances into their chemical classes that were associated with levels of 61-86% of correct prediction. Three case studies were carried out to validate the established hypotheses which showed good results in all cases. The disclosure of chemical space associated with the biological space using robust methods of analysis led to the establishment of rules for the selection and identification of patterns that can now be used as the foundation for the design of new herbicides and insecticides.Através do uso de métodos computacionais para avaliação da similaridade estrutural e eletrostática, determinou-se um padrão de similaridade para agrotóxicos presentes no banco de dados do Grupo de Química Medicinal do IQSC/USP. Esse banco é constituído de uma coleção de herbicidas e inseticidas permitidos e banidos, segundo critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Várias análises quimiométricas foram realizadas com o objetivo de determinar os processos de reconhecimento de padrões e classificar as substâncias dentro de suas respectivas classes químicas que foram associadas aos níveis de 61-86 % de predição correta. Três estudos de casos foram realizados com o objetivo de validar as hipóteses estabelecidas com resultados satisfatórios foram encontrados em todos os casos. As definições do espaço químico associado ao biológico através de métodos robustos de análise propiciaram o estabelecimento de regras de seleção e identificação de padrões que podem agora ser usados para o planejamento de novos herbicidas e inseticidas