The Features of Development of Territorial Marketing in the Conditions of Digital Economy

The article is aimed at studying the features of developing the territorial marketing in the conditions of global digitalization. The transformation of the digital space encompassed almost all aspects of human life, society and the State. The expansion of the information society, the active growth of the electronic economy, and the intensification of the information globalization processes, which are caused by the development of digital space, require completely new approaches to management, including in the sphere of territorial marketing. The considered main tasks of territorial marketing in digital space will facilitate a significant promotion of the territorial brand together with an active formation of the region image. In order to achieve competitive advantages in digital space, it has been suggested to use the basic innovative instruments such as: crowdsourcing, digital advertising, SMM-marketing, digital maps. This will have a positive effect resulting from the reducing of transaction costs. It is indicated that the current period of development of territorial marketing is a time of new opportunities and prospects for development of territories on the basis of active use of information technologies and innovative marketing instruments of online promotion of territorial brands and based on the latest digital marketing technologies

ВЛИЯНИЕ КОМБИНИРОВАННОГО ПРОТИВОПАРАЗИТАРНОГО ПРЕПАРАТА АВЕРСЕКТ ПЛЮС НА ОРГАНИЗМ СОБАК

It’s determinate that a new combination anthelmintic aversect plus at dose levels 0,5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg of body weight according to aversect-3 and praziquantel, don’t show negative effects on blood and no specific resistance of dogs.Введение аверсекта плюс незараженным собакам не оказывает негативного влияния на показатели неспецифической резистентности организма и белкового спектра сыворотки крови, а также на основные гематологические показатели. У инвазированных животных после дегельминтизации к 30 суткам происходит оптимизация уровней сывороточных факторов неспецифической резистентности – содержание белка, лизоцима, уровня циркулирующих иммунных комплексов и показателей крови

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ИММУНОТОКСИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ АВЕРСЕКТА ФОРТЕ И АВЕРСЕКТА КОМБИ

Objective of research:  Determination of possible immunotoxic properties of Aversect  Forte (Ivermectin + Abamectin) and Aversect Combi (Ivermectin + Aversectin С). Materials and methods: The immunotoxic properties  of Aversect Forte and Aversect Combi were studied using the agglutination test and delayed hypersensitivity response. Mice were injected subcutaneously twice daily with  the drug  at a therapeutic dose 0,05 ml/ind.  In each experimental group, there were 7–10 mice of the line СВА × С57BL/6 with the mass of 18–20 g.  The control group received solvent injections.   The effect of  the drugs on antibody formation was determined by hemagglutination  reaction on  the background of immunization of mice with sheep erythrocytes.   Agglutinin titres were detected by a direct micro-hemagglutination test along with the calculation of Reaction Index. The effect of drugs on the T-cell immunity in vivo  was  estimated using the  delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to sheep erythrocytes.    Mice were immunized with the 3% suspension of sheep erythrocytes injected into the abdomen simultaneously with the recent injection of the tested drug. Results and discussion:  The administration of tested drugs didn’t have a suppressive effect on serogenesis in mice from experimental groups – 7,7±0,21 and  7,4±0,22 (log2) in comparison to the controls – 8,0±0,0 (log2); Reaction Index was 0,96–0,93, respectively. The administration of Aversect Forte  may cause a slight decrease in induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in mice in comparison with the controls: 7,10±0,57  and 10,71±1,95 %, respectively. Regardless of slight decrease in inflammation index (up to 9,07±2,51 %), when using Aversect Combi at the therapeutic dose, this difference is uncertain statistically in relation to the control values. Цель исследования  –  определение возможных иммунотоксических свойств  аверсекта  форте (ивермектин + абамектин) и аверсекта комби (ивермектин + аверсектин С). Материалы и методы.  Изучение иммунотоксических свойств аверсекта форте  и  аверсекта комби проводили с применением реакции агглютинации и  гиперчувствительности замедленного типа. Препарат для исследования вводили мышам двукратно подкожно в терапевтической дозе 0,05 мл/гол. В каждой опытной  группе было по 7–10 мышей линии СВА × С57BL/6 массой 18–20 г. Животным контрольных групп вводили растворитель. Влияние препаратов на антителообразование определяли в  реакции гемагглютинации на фоне  иммунизации мышей эритроцитами барана (ЭБ). Титры агглютининов определяли в микроварианте прямой реакции гемагглютинации с вычислением индекса реакции. Влияние  препаратов на Т-клеточный иммунитет  in  vivo  оценивали у мышей по реакции гиперчувствительности замедленного типа (ГЗТ) к ЭБ. Одновременно с последним введением тестируемого препарата мышей внутрибрюшинно иммунизировали 3%-ной взвесью ЭБ. Результаты и обсуждение. Введение испытуемых препаратов не оказало угнетающего влияния на антителогенез у мышей опытных групп – 7,7±0,21 и 7,4±0,22 (log2) по сравнению с контролем – 8,0±0,0 (log2), индекс реакции составил  соответственно 0,96–0,93.  Введение аверсекта форте несколько тормозит индукцию ГЗТ в организме мышей по сравнению с  контролем:  7,10±0,57 и 10,71±1,95 % соответственно. Однако при введении аверсекта комби в терапевтической дозе хотя и происходит некоторое снижение индекса воспаления до 9,07±2,51 %, но относительно показателя контрольной группы эта разница статистически недостоверна. 

Liquid silyl derivative of beta-cyclodextrin

© ISUCT Publishing. Per-6-O-(tert-butyl)(diphenyl)silyl-β-cyclodextrin was found to form metastable liquid phase, which is unusual for cyclodextrin mono-derivatives under ambient conditions. Also, it can exist in a solid amorphous state as a stable molecular glass. Conditions and parameters of phase transitions between crystal, glassy and liquid forms were determined. The studied compound is soluble in various solvents. Crystallization from its solutions and overcooled melt results in formation of two different polymorphs. The liquid mono-derivative of beta-cyclodextrin is amphiphilic and preferable for application in solutions, in pure form or even as a solvent for substrates with various structures

Mapping of the immunodominant regions of the NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase

AbstractA panel of 4 monoclonal antibodies and 7 polyclonal antisera against NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase from methylotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas sp. 101 has been obtained. The reactivity of the 37 overlapping proteolytic peptides with the monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antisera has been studied with ELISA test. The data obtained were interpreted residing on the structural model of the formate dehydrogenase at 3 Å resolution. The immunodominant regions in the formate dehydrogenase molecule and the epitopes for the monoclonal antibodies were elucidated

Evaluation of supramolecular complex of fenbendazole effect on embryonic development

The purpose of the research is to study the embryotropic effect of supramolecular complex of fenbendazole (SMСF).Materials and methods. The experiment to assess the embryotropic properties of SMCF was carried out on 40 white female and 20 male rats in accordance with the Guidelines for the experimental (preclinical) study of new pharmacological substances. Pregnant female rats were divided into 3 experimental and one control groups. SMCF was administered intragastrically on the 1–6 days of embryogenesis (group 1); on the 7–14 days (group 2) and on the 15–19 days (group 3) in three times therapeutic dose – 6,0 mg/kg of active substance. The animals of the control group received saline from the first to the 19th days of pregnancy. Rats were euthanized on the 20th day of pregnancy. The uterus with fetuses was removed after laparotomy, the number of corpora lutea, implantation sites, the number of living, dead and resorbed fetuses were recorded, the weight and diameter of the placenta were determined. The embryos were examined, weighed, the craniocaudal sizes were determined, the levels of total embryonic, preimplantation and postimplantation embryo death were calculated. The fetuses were examined for abnormalities of internal organs and changes in the skeletal system according to the methods of J. G. Wilson (1965) and A. B. Dawson (1926), modified in the department of embryology of the IEM of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences.Results and discussion. As a result, SMCF does not induce toxic effects on the fetus: mortality rates, size and weight of embryos were at the level of the control group in a threefold therapeutic dose 6,0 mg/kg at intragastric administration on the 1–6; 7–14 and 15–19 days of pregnancy. SMCF did not cause external and internal malformations

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ИММУНОТРОПНОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ СУПРАМОЛЕКУЛЯРНОГО КОМПЛЕКСА ФЕНБЕНДАЗОЛА

The purpose of the research is to study the immunotoxic properties of the supramolecular complex of fenbendazole (CMF).Materials and methods. The study of the immunotoxic properties of SMF was performed using the agglutination reaction and delayed-type hypersensitivity. In each experimental group, there were 7–8 CBA × C57BL / 6 mice weighing 16–18 g. The CMF was administered once intragastrically at a therapeutic dose of 20 mg/kg for the active substance, in a tenfold dose – 200 mg/kg, the basic drug – fenbendazol asked in a tenfold dose of 20 mg/kg. Control groups of animals received starch paste. Then the mice were immunized intraperitoneally with a 3 % suspension of sheep erythrocytes (test antigen) and distributed into 8 groups. The effect of drugs on antibody production was determined in the hemagglutination reaction, the antibody titer in the serum in the microvariant of the direct hemagglutination reaction with the calculation of the reaction index. The effect of the drug on cellular immunity was established in a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH) to sheep erythrocytes.Results and discussion. The introduction of the tested drugs had no inhibitory effect on antibody production in mice of the experimental groups: 6.5±0.22; 6.17±0.47 and 7.75±0.25 (log2) compared with the control – 7.67±0.21 (log2). Reaction indices were respectively 0.85; 0,80 and 1,01. Oral administration of a single CMF in therapeutic (20 mg/kg) and in a tenfold therapeutic dose (200 mg/kg) did not affect the cellular level of immunity. The shifts in the inflammatory response index in animals were 9.05±3.47 and 10.05±2.25% respectively. The introduction of the basic drug stimulated the reaction of HRT, which was manifested by an increase in the inflammation index (21.06±3.32%) compared with the control group (9.27±3.91%).Цель исследований: изучение иммунотоксических свойств супрамолекулярного комплекса фенбендазола (СМФ).Материалы и методы. Изучение иммунотоксических свойств СМФ проводили с применением реакции агглютинации и гиперчувствительности замедленного типа. В каждой опытной группе было по 7–8 мышей линии СВА×С57BL/6 массой 16–18 г. СМФ вводили однократно внутрижелудочно в терапевтической дозе 20 мг/кг по действующему веществу, в десятикратной дозе – 200 мг/кг, базовый препарат – фенбендазол задавали в десятикратно увеличенной дозе – 20 мг/кг. Контрольные группы животных получали крахмальный клейстер. Затем мышей иммунизировали интраперитонеально 3%-ной взвесью эритроцитов барана (тест-антиген) и распределили на 8 групп. Влияние препаратов на антителообразование определяли в реакции гемагглютинации, титр антител в сыворотке крови – в микроварианте прямой реакции гемагглютинации с вычислением индекса реакции. Влияние препарата на клеточный иммунитет устанавливали в реакции гиперчувствительности замедленного типа (ГЗТ) к ЭБ.Результаты и обсуждение. Введение испытуемых препаратов не оказало угнетающего влияния на антителогенез у мышей опытных групп: 6,5±0,22; 6,17±0,47 и 7,75±0,25 (log2) по сравнению с контролем – 7,67±0,21 (log2). Индексы реакции составили соответственно 0,85; 0,80 и 1,01. Пероральное однократное введение СМФ в терапевтической (20 мг/кг) и в десятикратной терапевтической дозе (200 мг/кг) не оказывало влияния на клеточное звено иммунитета. Сдвиги индекса реакции воспаления у животных составили соответственно 9,05±3,47 и 10,05±2,25%. Введение базового препарата стимулировало реакцию ГЗТ, что проявилось увеличением индекса воспаления (21,06±3,32%) по сравнению с контрольной группой (9,27±3,91%)

Gender differences in the pharmacological actions of pegylated glucagon-Like peptide-1 on endothelial progenitor cells and angiogenic precursor cells in a combination of metabolic disorders and lung emphysema

In clinical practice, the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is often associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although gender differences in MetS are well documented, little is known about sex-specific differences in the pathogenesis of COPD, especially when combined with MetS. Consequently, it is not clear whether the same treatment regime has comparable efficacy in men and women diagnosed with MetS and COPD. In the present study, using sodium glutamate, lipopolysaccharide, and cigarette smoke extract, we simulated lipid metabolism disorders, obesity, hyperglycemia, and pulmonary emphysema (comorbidity) in male and female C57BL/6 mice. We assessed the gender-specific impact of lipid metabolism disorders and pulmonary emphysema on angiogenic precursor cells (endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, cells of the lumen of the nascent vessel), as well as the biological effects of pegylated glucagon-like peptide 1 (pegGLP-1) in this experimental paradigm. Simulation of MetS/COPD comorbidity caused an accumulation of EPC (CD45−CD31+CD34+), pericytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells in the lungs of female mice. In contrast, the number of cells involved in the angiogenesis decreased in the lungs of male animals. PegGLP-1 had a positive effect on lipids and area under the curve (AUC), obesity, and prevented the development of pulmonary emphysema. The severity of these effects was stronger in males than in females. Furthermore, PegGLP-1 stimulated regeneration of pulmonary endothelium. At the same time, PegGLP-1 administration caused a mobilization of EPC (CD45−CD31+CD34+) into the bloodstream in females and migration of precursors of angiogenesis and vascular smooth muscle cells to the lungs in male animals. Gender differences in stimulatory action of pegGLP-1 on CD31+ endothelial lung cells in vitro were not observed. Based on these findings, we postulated that the cellular mechanism of in vivo regeneration of lung epithelium was at least partly gender-specific. Thus, we concluded that a pegGLP-1-based treatment regime for metabolic disorder and COPD should be further developed primarily for male patients

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ИММУНОТРОПНОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ СУПРАМОЛЕКУЛЯРНОГО КОМПЛЕКСА ТРИКЛАБЕНДАЗОЛА

The supramolecular complex of triclabendazole is a complex preparation based on triclabendazole with the water-soluble polysaccharide - arabinogalactan produced in impact grinders with the use of mechanochemical nanotechnology. Objective of research: To provide a preclinical assessment of immunotoxic properties of the supramolecular complex of triclabendazole used on laboratory animals. Materials and methods: Two experiments were conducted on 60 male mice with the mass 18-20 g. to determine effects of the supramolecular complex of triclabendazole on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. 20 mice received intragastric injection of preparation once at a therapeutic dose 30 mg/kg in 1% of starch gel; 20 mice at a tenfold dose - 300 mg/kg, and 20 mice served as controls and did not receive the preparation. Then, all animals (60 ind.) were immunized once intraperitoneally with 0,5 ml of 3% suspension of sheep erythrocytes (antigen test) and divided into 6 groups (10 ind. in each). The effect of the drug on antibody formation was estimated by agglutination test in 30 mice. The antibody titre in blood serum was determined on the seventh day after immunization by a direct microhemagglutination assay. To compare the immune response in experimental and control groups, the index of drug effects was established. Effects of the drug on cell immunity were determined by the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. Experiment was carried out on 30 mice divided into three groups (10 ind. in each). Research was conducted according to the «Manual on experimental (preclinical) study of new pharmacological substances (2005)». Results and discussion: Antibody titres in blood serum of control animals were 7,11±0,31 (log2). Peroral single administration of the tested drug at a therapeutic and tenfold dose did not cause any changes in agglutinin titres in blood serum of animals. Index of drug effects in the 1st and 2nd group was 1,04 and 1,12 respectively, which confirms the absence of negative effects of the humoral immune response. Peroral single administration of the drug at a therapeutic dose 30 mg/kg and at a tenfold dose - 300 mg/kg inhibits the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in comparison to controls. Inflammatory factors in animals from 1st and 2nd groups were 6,12±0,87 and 6,64±1,37 %, respectively; in control group - 8,11±0,93 %, but this difference was not statistically significant (Р ≥ 0,05).Супрамолекулярный комплекс триклабендазола - это комплексный препарат на основе триклабендазола с водорастворимым полисахаридом арабиногалактаном, полученный с применением механохимической нанотехнологии в измельчителях ударно-истирающего типа. Цель исследования - доклиническая оценка иммунотоксических свойств супрамолекулярного комплекса триклабендазола (СМКТ) на лабораторных животных. Материалы и методы. Проведено два опыта на 60 мышах-самцах массой 18-20 г с целью определения влияния СМКТ на гуморальный и клеточный иммунный ответ. 20 мышам препарат вводили однократно внутрижелудочно в терапевтической дозе 30 мг/кг в 1%-ном крахмальном геле, 20 - в десятикратно увеличенной дозе - 300 мг/кг и 20 мышей служили контролем и препарат не получали. Затем всех животных (60 гол.) иммунизировали интраперитонеально в объеме 0,5 мл 3%-ной взвеси эритроцитов барана (тест-антиген) и распределили на 6 групп по 10 голов в каждой. Влияние препарата на антителообразование определяли в реакции агглютинации на 30 мышах. Титр антител в сыворотке крови определяли на 7-е сутки после иммунизации в микроварианте прямой реакции гемагглютинации. Для сравнения выраженности иммунного ответа в опыте и контроле определяли индекс действия препарата (ИД). Влияние препарата на клеточный иммунитет устанавливали в реакции гиперчувствительности замедленного типа (ГЗТ). Опыт проводили на 30 мышах, которых разделили на три группы по 10 голов в каждой. Исследования проводили согласно Руководству по экспериментальному (доклиническому) изучению новых фармакологических веществ (2005). Результаты и обсуждение. При исследовании сывороток крови контрольных животных титры антител зарегистрированы на уровне 7,11±0,31 (log2). Пероральное однократное введение испытуемого препарата в терапевтической и десятикратно увеличенной дозах не привело к изменению титров агглютининов в сыворотке крови животных. ИД для 1 и 2-й групп составил соответственно 1,04 и 1,12, что оценивается как отсутствие отрицательного влияния на гуморальный иммунный ответ. Пероральное однократное введение препарата в терапевтической (30 мг/кг) и десятикратно увеличенной терапевтической дозе (300 мг/кг) тормозило индукцию ГЗТ по сравнению с контрольным значением. Сдвиг индекса воспаления у животных 1 и 2-й опытных групп составил соответственно 6,12±0,87 и 6,64±1,37 %, в контрольной группе - 8,11±0,93 %, но эта разница была статистически недостоверна (Р ≥ 0,05)