ROLE OF NORMAL PERFUSION TIME ON FUNCTIONAL ENZYME ACTIVITIES AND PHYSIOLOGY OF INTERFIBRILLAR AND SUB-SARCOLEMMAL MITOCHONDRIA FROM ISOLATED RAT HEART

Objective: Obvious lack of interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM) subpopulation in isolated mitochondria attributed to limitations in the isolation procedure. In this manuscript, we compared the functional activities of mitochondrial sub-populations namely, IFM and sub-sarcolemmal (SSM) mitochondria.Methods: IFM and SSM were obtained from isolated rat heart subjected to different perfusion time namely (minutes) 0.5,5,10,25,60 and 120 through Langendroff perfusion system.Results: Prolonged perfusion of isolated rat heart reduced oxidative phosphorylation capacity in both IFM and SSM, but were distinct among the sub-populations. However, mRNA expression level of ND4, CYT B and ATP 6 and resazurin activity was similar in both IFM and SSM.Conclusion: Even though overall function of myocardium is unchanged, mitochondrial sub- populations were distinct in electron transport chain activities, emphasizes the requirement to assess mitochondrial function as distinct subpopulation rather than whole entity.Â

CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED BY AQUEOUS ROOT EXTRACT OF DESMODIUM GANGETICUM FOR ITS ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIMICROBIAL AND CYTOTOXICITY

Obective: To evaluate the biological significance of silver nanoparticles synthesized by aqueous root of Desmodium gangeticum and to understand its antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity.Methods: In the present study silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized with precursor silver nitrate using aqueous root extract of Desmodium gangeticum (DG). Chemical synthesis of AgNPs was done by following the procedure by Guzman et. al (2009) with little modification. The AgNPs were further characterized by different techniques like UV-visible Spectrometer, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA).Results: The presence of silver nanoparticles with an average size between 30-40 nm and exhibiting face centred cubic structure was confirmed. SEM reveals the morphology of the nanoparticles as spherical and the IR spectra confirms the presence of phyto-constituents in AgNPs that not only acts as reducing agent, but also stabilize the particles. Biological evaluation of the nanoparticles showed significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. AgNPs possess relatively low cytotoxicity to LLC-PK1 cells compared to DG extract and the precursor silver nitrate.Conclusion: Biological evaluation of the nanoparticles showed significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. AgNPs possess relatively low cytotoxicity to LLC-PK1 cells compared to DG extract and the precursor silver nitrate. Compared to physical and chemical method of nanoparticle synthesis, biological procedure is ecofriendly and cost effective.Â

Antioxidant effects of ethyl acetate extract of Desmodium gangeticum root on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rat hearts

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the ethyl acetate extract of <it>Desmodium gangeticum </it>root for cardioprotection from ischemia reperfusion-induced oxidative stress.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The <it>in vitro </it>antioxidant potential of the extract was in terms of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxide scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity and diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. The <it>in vivo </it>antioxidant potential of the extract was assessed in an isolated rat heart model.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Free radicals were scavenged by the extract in a concentration-dependent manner within the range of the given concentrations in all models. Administration of the ethyl acetate extract of <it>Desmodium gangeticum </it>root (100 mg per kg body weight) before global ischemia caused a significant improvement of cardiac function and a decrease in the release of lactate dehydrogenase in coronary effluent, as well as the level of malondialdehyde in myocardial tissues.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The ethyl acetate extract of <it>Desmodium gangeticum </it>root protects the myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion-induced damage in rats. The effects of the extract may be related to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation.</p

DESMODIUM GANGETICUM ROOT AQUEOUS EXTRACT MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF NI NANOPARTICLE AND ITS BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION

Objective: A novel, eco-friendly method of Nickel nanoparticles synthesis using aqueous extract of Desmodium gangeticum root (DG) has been reported in this study.Methods: Novel approach on synthesis of Ni nanoparticles using NiCl2 as precursor and aqueous extract of Desmodium gangeticum root as the reducing agent. Nanoparticles were characterized for its average size, morphology, functional moieties and thermal stability by UV-Visible spectrophotometry, X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) respectively. Cytotoxicity was also determined against LLC PK1 cell lines using LDH assay.Results: Less aggregate spherical shaped and mono-dispersed nanoparticles were synthesised whose size ranges from 20-30 nm in diameter. Nanoparticles were exhibit face centre cubic crystalline phase with an average size of ~23 nm which was obtained from XRD spectral pattern. Strong interaction between Desmodium gangeticum and nanoparticles was shown in TGA-thermogram. The reducing potential and total phenolic content of Ni nanoparticles was found to be same as that of Desmodium gangeticum. All the results were expressed as mean±SD of n = 4-6 independent assays, p&lt;0.05, whose data were analysed using ANOVA.Conclusion: Biological activity of the nanoparticles and its toxicity was assessed and found to possess the good antioxidant and reduction potential with significant antibacterial activity and were nontoxic.Â

PHYSIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND BIOVALUATION OF TiO2 NANOCRYSTALS SYNTHESIZED BY CHEMICAL AND GREEN ROUTE

Objectives: In this present work, we have compared titanium dioxide nanocrystals synthesized by both chemical method and biological method from Titanium tetra isopropoxide as precursor. The biological method was performed by using the aqueous root extract of Desmodium gangeticum and further they were characterized and checked for their biological activities. Methods: The TiO2 nanocrystals were characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer for its maximum SPR peak, X-ray diffractometry for its crystalline size and shape, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional entity identification and Zeta potential for its colloidal stability. Antioxidant assay and antimicrobial test were performed to evaluate its biological behaviour. Results: The nanocrystals synthesized by biological method were found to have higher antioxidant potential, antimicrobial activity and phenolic content than the chemically synthesized ones. Evaluation of toxicity in cell line LLC-PK1 suggests that TiO2nanocrystals synthesized by green route is less toxic. Conclusion: Green synthesized TiO2 nanocrystals were seen to have less toxicity than the chemical method in showing their biocompatibility nature which can be applied in the field of medical science

ANTI ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION EFFECT OF SODIUM THIOSULFATE IN LLC PK1 CELLS

Objectives: Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) has a protective effect against renal ischemia reperfusion injury (I/R), but it is toxic and have the limitation for its controlled in-vivo release to the system. However, its metabolite thiosulfate can release low amounts of H2S, is non toxic and clinically approved drug for end renal failure, cyanide toxicity and calcific nephrolithiasis, and may possess anti-ischemic reperfusion effect. The objective of this study was to determine the anti ischemia reperfusion (I/R) effect of sodium thiosulfate (STS).Methods: I/R was induced in LLC PK1 renal tubular epithelial cells by reversibly treatment of cells with glucose oxidase (3 mM/s) and catalase (998/s) in a glucose deprived media. STS was administered to the cells as pre-treated, preconditioned or post conditioned drug.Results: Pre-treatment of LLC PK1 cells with STS protects the cells from I/R injury but not, when the cells were preconditioned or post conditioned with STS, examined through cell viability tests like sulforhodamine B, crystal violet and LDH activity. Propargylglycine the endogenous H2S biosynthetic inhibitor treatment to the cells did not negate the renal protection mediated by STS pre-treatment indicate the possible release of H2S.Conclusion: This study indicates that STS plays a protective role in I/R induced renal injury when they were administered as pre-treated drug by modulating H2S metabolism.Â

Administration of aqueous extract of Desmodium gangeticum (L) root protects rat heart against ischemic reperfusion injury induced oxidative stress

129-135Myocardial reperfusion is believed to be associated with free radical injury. The present study evaluates the effect of aqueous extract of D. gangeticum (DG) on lipid peroxides and antioxidants in ischemic reperfused (IR) Wistar albino male rats. Significant elevation in lipid peroxide products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) were observed in the rat hearts during ischemia reperfusion phase. Pre treatment of rats with aqueous extract of DG orally for 30 days showed significantly improved preservation of antioxidant enzymes and subsequent reduction in lipid peroxidation. But 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) stained rat heart did not show much significant antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, TTC unstained rat heart showed significant improvement in the antioxidant activities indicating cardio protective effect of aqueous extract of DG in myocardium affected by ischemia reperfusion insult. The administration of DG to normal rats did not have any significant effect on any of the parameter studied. These results indicate that DG improves the antioxidant capacity of heart and attenuate the degree of lipid peroxidation after IR