Desarrollo de una tormenta ionosférica esencialmente positiva a lo largo de la red sudamericana de sondadores

Un mecanismo híbrido ha sido sugerido por diferentes autores para la dinámica de la región F ionosférica por el cual, posteriormente al depósito de energía durante la iniciación de una tormenta magnética, predomina un proceso de transporte meridional de ionización (fase positiva) sobre un mecanismo de cambio de la relación (O/N₂) (fase negativa), generalmente durante el primer día perturbado. Sin embargo, la tormenta del 4 de abril de 1967 que se comenta en el presente trabajo muestra dos aspectos interesantes: -1) una fase positiva significativa que se extiende por más de dos días a lo largo de la red americana de sondadores; y -2) una posible reversión del mecanismo híbrido, debido al hecho de que excursiones negativas, que aunque menos significativas son aún importantes, siguen a cambios en la actividad magnética. Las excursiones negativas correlacionan bastante bien con ascensos de la capa F, hecho aparentemente en conflicto con las ideas acerca de la generación de la fase positiva, indicando una predominancia de los cambios en (0/N₂) al menos durante las pocas horas que siguen a cada incremento de la actividad magnética.Different authors have suggested a hybrid mechanism for the dynamics of the F region by which, following the deposit of energy during the initiation of a magnetic storm, a meridional ionization transport process (positive phase) predominates generally over the mechanism of change of the (O/N₂) ratio (negative phase), during the first perturbed day. Nevertheless, the storm of the 4 of April 1967, coimnented in this paper, shows two interesting features: -1) a significant positive phase extending for more than two days along the american sounders network; and —2) a possible reversion of the hybrid mechanism, because of the fact that less significant but still important negative excursions follow changes in magnetic activity. The. negative excursions correlate quite well with ascents of the F-layer, this fact bein apparently in conflict with the ideas about the generation of the positive phase, indicanting a predominance of the (O/N₂) changes at least during a few hours following each increase in magnetic activity.Asociación Argentina de Geofísicos y Geodesta

Evidencia de la presencia de la garganta de densidad electrónica en los registros de los sondadores de la red sudamericana

La aparición de la garganta de latitud media en la concentración electrónica ionosférica, ha sido generalmente observada con registros de la ionosfera de tope. El análisis de los datos proporcionados por la red sudamericana de sondadores de superficie, lleva en forma evidente a la conclusión de que esa garganta también se presenta a latitudes menores que la de Puerto Stanley, correspondientes a valores del parámetro de cana L menores que los encontrados para la garganta "vista" desde satélites en otras regiones del globo terrestre. Asimismo, es clara la presencia de un "pedestal" de incremento de ionización, más allá de la garganta, pero a latitudes aún aleja das del óvalo auroral. Se atribuyen ambos procesos y su discrepancia con otros resultados, en cuanto a ubicación, a la presencia de la anomalía magnética sudamericana.The appearance of the middle latitude trough on the ionospheric electron concentration, has been generally observed with topside ionosphere records. The analysis of data provided by the South American network of surface sounders suggests, in an evident way, that the trough is also present at lower latitudes than Pt. Stanley cor responding to L-shell parameter values smaller than those found for the trough "seen" from satellite heights, for other regions of the terrestrial globe. Likewise, the presence of a "pedestal" of increased ionization is clear, beyond the trough, but at latitudes still somewhat distant from the auroral oval. Both effects, the trough and the pedestal at lower latitudes than "normal", could be justified by the existence of the South American magnetic anomaly.Asociación Argentina de Geofísicos y Geodesta

Investigating Subjective and Objective Quality of Life in Rural Areas: the Case of Tehran Province in Iran

peer reviewedGiven the importance of measuring QOL and the need for sound and efficient planning to improve and enhance the well-being of citizens, the objective of this study was to investigate QOL in rural areas of Tehran province, Iran. To this end, the relevant literature and secondary sources were used to develop a questionnaire whose validity was determined by a panel of experts. To the best knowledge of the authors, no similar study has assessed QOL in rural areas of Tehran province and none of them has compared objective and subjective QOL in rural areas. The findings showed that in terms of objective QOL, which indicates the minimum living standards, the villagers in Tehran province were in a moderate to high status, but in the subjective QOL, about 20% of the villagers were rated as poor. According to the findings, there was a significant difference between the residents of different rural areas of Tehran in terms of objective and subjective QOL at the 99% level, but the differences were not the same. This calls for policymakers’ attention. In this regard, policies should be put on the planning agenda to reduce rural migration by adopting a coordinated approach to rural and urban development and improving the physical and environmental conditions of rural communities to provide welfare services and reduce the disparity between urban and rural areas