10 research outputs found
Wp艂yw mikrobiologicznych dodatk贸w kiszonkarskich na produkcj臋 biogazu z traw wieloletnich
The effect of two different microbial additives on perennial energy grasses - switchgrass and big bluestem - was tested regarding the general silage quality and the biogas production from ensiled biomass. Biomass was harvested at the end of June 2013 and ensilaged with or without silage additives comprising different lactic acid bacteria strains. Methane fermentation of experimental silages was carried out at 39掳C for at least 30 days. During ensiling process the content of structural polisaccharides was reduced. The effect of additives on the chemical composition of perennial grass silages was varied depending on the species of grass. Regardless of the additives, in all silages higher amount of acetic acid (methane precursor) than lactic acid was detected. The highest biogas production was obtained from switchgrass silages treated with 11CH4 additive and big bluestem silages treated with Lactosil additive. The increase was compared to the lowest lignine content in these silages.Badano wp艂yw mikrobiologicznych dodatk贸w kiszonkarskich na jako艣膰 kiszonek i produkcj臋 biogazu z traw wieloletnich - prosa r贸zgowatego i palczatki Gerarda. Biomasa zebrana zosta艂a pod koniec czerwca 2013 r. i zakiszona bez oraz z dodatkiem dw贸ch preparat贸w zawieraj膮cych r贸偶ne szczepy bakterii fermentacji mlekowej. Fermentacj臋 metanow膮 kiszonek przeprowadzono w temperaturze 39掳C przez co najmniej 30 dni. W wyniku kiszenia zmniejszy艂a si臋 w biomasie zawarto艣膰 polisacharyd贸w strukturalnych. Wp艂yw dodatk贸w na sk艂ad chemiczny kiszonek by艂 zr贸偶nicowany w zale偶no艣ci od gatunku trawy. Niezale偶nie od dodatk贸w we wszystkich kiszonkach wi臋ksza by艂a zawarto艣膰 kwasu octowego (prekursora metanu) ni偶 mlekowego. Istotnie wi臋cej biogazu otrzymano z kiszonek z prosa z dodatkiem preparatu 11CH4 oraz z kiszonek z palczatki sporz膮dzonych z dodatkiem preparatu Lactosil, czyli z kiszonek, w kt贸rych oznaczono mniejsz膮 zawarto艣膰 ligniny w stosunku do kontroli
Evaluation of potentially pathogenic bacteria presence in manure-amended soil and meadow sward
W gospodarstwach ekologicznych wielokrotne nawo偶enie trwa艂ych u偶ytk贸w zielonych w czasie okresu wegetacji ro艣lin nie przefermentowanymi p艂ynnymi nawozami organicznymi mo偶e by膰 przyczyn膮 ska偶enia runi 艂膮kowej potencjalnie patogennymi grupami drobnoustroj贸w, w tym bakteriami Salmonella spp. oraz Escherichia coli. Celem bada艅 by艂a ocena poziomu ska偶enia gleb u偶ytk贸w zielonych nawo偶onych p艂ynnymi nawozami organicznymi i zebranej z nich runi 艂膮kowej wybranymi bakteriami potencjalnie patogennymi oraz ocena wp艂ywu kultury starterowej bakterii fermentacji mlekowej na ich obecno艣膰 w p艂ynnych nawozach organicznych. Na podstawie wynik贸w przeprowadzonych bada艅 stwierdzono, 偶e w gospodarstwach ekologicznych, w kt贸rych rolnicy nie stosowali nawo偶enia organicznego, nie wykrywano w glebie i w runi 艂膮kowej obecno艣ci bakterii: Salmonella spp. i Escherichia coli. Natomiast w glebach nawo偶onych gnoj贸wk膮 lub gnojowic膮 liczba bakterii Salmonella spp. kszta艂towa艂a si臋 na poziomie 1,00- 2,30 log j.t.k./g, a liczba bakterii Escherichia coli 2,00-3,00 log j.t.k./g . W runi 艂膮kowej zebranej z tych gleb liczba bakterii Salmonella spp. wynosi艂a od 1,00 do1,30 log j.t.k./g przy wysokim poziomie bakterii z grupy coli wynosz膮cym nawet do 5,90 log j.t.k./g zielonki. Ponadto stwierdzono, 偶e stosowanie kultury starterowej bakterii fermentacji mlekowej w warunkach modelowych wp艂ywa istotnie na obni偶enie liczby lub ca艂kowit膮 eliminacj臋 bakterii Salmonella spp., bakterii z grupy coli oraz Escherichia coli podczas 10-dniowej inkubacji z p艂ynnymi nawozami organicznymi, takimi jak gnoj贸wka czy gnojowica.Multiple amending of arable land in ecological farms during plant vegetation with not fully fermented manure might cause a contamination of meadow sward with potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli. The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of pathogenic bacteria presence in manure-amended soils of arable lands and in meadow sward grown in those soils as well as to evaluate an impact of lactic acid bacteria on lowering the number of pathogenic microorganisms in liquid manure and slurry. According to our results there can be concluded that there was no Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in soil and meadow sward from arable lands in ecological farm, in which the soil was not manured. There were bacteria from Salmonella genera in amended soil in the number of 1,00-2,30 log CFU/g and Escherichia coli in the number of 2,00-3,00 CFU/g. The presence of Salmonella spp. was noticed also in meadow sward collected from amended land in the number of 1,00-1,30 log CFU/g for, where the number of coliform bacteria was even 5,90 log CFU/g. In vitro application of lactic acid bacteria starter culture to the liquid manure and slurry resulted in decrease or elimination of bacteria Salmonella spp., coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli during 10-day incubation
Effect of the selected strains from Lactobacillus genus on the limitation of mould and ochratoxin a contamination of silages from meadow sward
Celem bada艅 prowadzonych w gospodarstwach ekologicznych i konwencjonalnych by艂 wp艂yw stosowania preparatu bakteryjnego, z艂o偶onego z wyselekcjonowanych szczep贸w bakterii z rodzaju Lactobacillus na popraw臋 warto艣ci pokarmowej i jako艣ci kiszonek wykonanych z runi 艂膮kowej, na hamowanie rozwoju ple艣ni oraz obni偶anie zawarto艣ci ochratoksyny A w procesie kiszenia. W sk艂ad kultury starterowej preparatu wchodzi艂y wyselekcjonowane w tym kierunku szczepy bakterii fermentacji mlekowej z gatunk贸w: Lactobacillus plantarum K KKP 593/p, Lactobacillus plantarum C KKP 788/p i Lactobacillus buchneri KKP 907. Kiszonki do艣wiadczalne z runi 艂膮kowej, wykonane w warunkach produkcyjnych z dodatkiem badanego preparatu, charakteryzowa艂y si臋 bardzo dobr膮jako艣ci膮 ocenion膮 wed艂ug Fliega-Zimmera, o wy偶szej o ponad 50 % zawarto艣ci kwasu mlekowego i brakiem kwasu mas艂owego, jak r贸wnie偶 popraw膮 czysto艣ci mikrobiologicznej wyra偶on膮 ni偶sz膮 od-stu- do tysi膮ckrotnie liczb膮 j.t.k ple艣ni/g kiszonki. Pod wp艂ywem synergicznego dzia艂ania wyselekcjonowanych szczep贸w bakterii fermentacji mlekowej, nast膮pi艂o w kiszonkach obni偶enie poziomu ochratoksyny A o 62-72 %, w stosunku do jej zawarto艣ci w runi 艂膮kowej.The aim of the studies, conducted in ecological and traditional farms, was to determine the effect of application of bacterial preparation, consisting of the selected bacterial strains from Lactobacillus genus on the improvement of nutritional value and quality of silages produced from meadow sward, on inhibition of mould development and on lowering of ochratoxin A content during ensiling process. Starter culture of the preparation included the selected lactic acid bacteria strains from the species: Lactobacillus plantarum K KKP 593/p, Lactobacillus plantarum C KKP 788/p and Lactobacillus buchneri KKP 907. The experimental silages from the meadow sward, as prepared in manufacturing conditions with the addition of the examined preparation, were characterized by a very good quality, evaluated according to Flieg-Zimmer, with lactic acid level higher by more than 50% and absence of butyric acid as well as by a high microbiological purity, expressed by thousand times lower CFU of moulds/ 1g of silage. As affected by synergic action of the selected strains of lactic acid bacteria, lowering of ochratoxin A level by ca. 62 - 72% was found, in relation to its content in the meadow sward
Valuation of potentially pathogenic bacteria presence in silages from meadow sward
Ru艅 艂膮kowa i wyprodukowane z niej kiszonki s膮 warto艣ciowymi paszami obj臋to艣ciowym do stosowania w ca艂orocznym 偶ywieniu byd艂a mi臋snego i mlecznego. W gospodarstwach ekologicznych, w kt贸rych do nawo偶enia 艂膮k i odrastaj膮cej runi stosowane s膮 cz臋sto nieprzefermentowane p艂ynne nawozy naturalne, istnieje realne zagro偶enie ska偶enia zielonek, a w nast臋pstwie kiszonek bakteriami fekalnymi - potencjalnie chorobotw贸rczymi. Celem bada艅 by艂a ocena stopnia ska偶enia patogenami kiszonek z runi 艂膮kowej pochodz膮cej z u偶ytk贸w zielonych intensywnie nawo偶onych gnoj贸wk膮 i gnojowic膮 oraz okre艣lenie wp艂ywu dzia艂ania preparatu bakteryjno-mineralno-witaminowego na obni偶enie lub wyeliminowanie bakterii z rodzaju Salmonella, bakterii z grupy coli i Escherichia coli w procesie stymulowanej fermentacji mlekowej. W kiszonkach bez dodatku preparatu sporz膮dzonych z runi 艂膮kowej pochodz膮cej z u偶ytk贸w zielonych nawo偶onych gnoj贸wk膮 na wiosn臋 i nast臋pnie na odrastaj膮ce ro艣liny oraz nawo偶onych gnojowic膮 wykryto obecno艣膰 bakterii z rodzaju Salmonella i bakterii Escherichia coli oraz wysok膮 liczb臋 bakterii z grupy coli. Kiszonki do艣wiadczalne wytworzone z dodatkiem preparatu charakteryzowa艂y si臋 wysok膮 czysto艣ci膮 mikrobiologiczn膮, nie stwierdzono w nich obecno艣ci bakterii z rodzaju Salmonella, natomiast liczba bakterii z grupy coli i bakterii Escherichia coli by艂a oko艂o 100-krotnie ni偶sza, w stosunku do zawartej w kiszonkach bez jego dodatku. W efekcie dzia艂ania preparatu bakteryjno-mineralno-witaminowego nastapi艂o zahamowanie rozwoju bakterii patogennych. Kiszonki z preparatem charakteryzowa艂y si臋 wysok膮 jako艣ci膮 chemiczn膮 i mikrobiologiczn膮.Meadow sward and silages made from it can be valuable roughages for whole-year feeding of beef cattle and dairy cattle. In organic farming, in which meadow and grown back sward are fertilized with often not totally fermented liquid manure, there is a real risk of forage and silage contamination with faecal bacteria, which are potentially pathogenic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of contamination with pathogens in silages from meadow sward derived from grasslands intensively fertilized with manure and liquid manure to determine the effect of the bacterial-mineral-vitamin preparation to reduce or eliminate the bacteria of the genus Salmonella, coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli in the process of stimulated lactic acid fermentation. There were detected bacteria Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli accompanied with a high number of coliform bacteria in the silages prepared without the addition of the preparation and made from meadow sward from forage fertilized with slurry in the spring and then fertilized when it grew back. The experimental silages made with addition of the bacterial preparation were characterized by a high microbiological quality and there were not present any bacteria of the genus Salmonella, while the number of coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli was approximately 100-fold lower in comparison with the silages prepared without the additive. As a result of the bacterial-mineral-vitamin preparation addition to the silage a slowdown in growth of pathogenic bacteria was achieved. Silages made with the addition of preparation were characterized by a high chemical and microbiological quality
Supplementary Material for: Exacerbating Factors Induce Different Gene Expression Profiles in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Asthmatics, Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Healthy Subjects
<p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Despite several common phenotypic features,
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and severe asthma differ
with regard to their causative factors and pathophysiology. Both
diseases may be exacerbated by environmental factors, however, the
molecular profiles of disease episodes have not been comprehensively
studied. We identified differences in gene and protein expression
profiles expressed by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of COPD
patients, patients with atopic asthma and healthy subjects when
challenged with exacerbating factors in vitro: lipopolysaccharide (LPS),
house dust mite (HDM) and cat allergen. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> PBMC
isolated from patients with severe atopic asthma and COPD, as well as
healthy subjects were stimulated with rDer p 1 DG, rFel d 1 DG and LPS.
The changes in the expression of 47 genes belonging to five groups
(phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>, eicosanoids, transcription factors,
cytokines and airway remodeling) were studied using TaqMan low density
array cards. Immunoblotting was used to study relative protein
expression. <b><i>Results:</i></b> rDer p 1 significantly up-regulated the expression of <i>PLA2G4A, PLA2G6, PLA2G15, CYSLTR1, LB4R2, PTGS1, PTGS2</i>, <i>FOXP1</i>, <i>GATA3</i>, <i>HDAC2</i>, <i>IREB2</i>, <i>PPARG</i>, <i>STAT4</i>, <i>TSLP </i>and<i> CHI3L1</i> genes in asthmatics in comparison to healthy subjects. LPS induced significant expression of <i>ANXA1</i> and<i> LTA4H </i>in asthmatics when compared to COPD patients and healthy subjects. <i>SOX6,</i><i>STAT4 </i>and <i>IL1RL1 </i>were induced in COPD after LPS stimulation. Analysis of protein expression revealed a pattern similar to mRNA expression. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b>
LPS-induced exacerbation of asthma and COPD is characterized by
differential expression of selected genes in PBMC. HDM allergen changed
the expression profile of inflammatory genes between patients with
asthma of atopic origin and healthy controls.</p