Prospects for Measuring Δg\Delta g from Jets at HERA with Polarized Protons

The measurement of the polarized gluon distribution function $\Delta g(x)$ from photon gluon fusion processes in electron proton deep inelastic scattering producing two jets has been investigated. The study is based on the MEPJET simulation program. The size of the expected spin asymmetry and corresponding statistical uncertainties for a possible measurement with polarized beams of electrons and protons at HERA have been estimated. The results show that the asymmetry can reach a few percents.Comment: 8 pages (Latex) plus 3 figures enclosed as a uuencoded postscript file. The complete paper, including figures, is also available via anonymous ftp at ftp://www-ttp.physik.uni-karlsruhe.de/ , or via www at http://www-ttp.physik.uni-karlsruhe.de/cgi-bin/preprints

Combined Description of N‾N\bf{\overline{N}N} Scattering and Annihilation With A Hadronic Model

A model for the nucleon-antinucleon interaction is presented which is based on meson-baryon dynamics. The elastic part is the $G$-parity transform of the Bonn $NN$ potential. Annihilation into two mesons is described in terms of microscopic baryon-exchange processes including all possible combinations of $\pi,\eta,\rho,\omega,a_0,f_0,a_1,f_1,a_2,f_2,K,K^*$. The remaining annihilation part is taken into account by a phenomenological energy- and state independent optical potential of Gaussian form. The model enables a simultaneous description of nucleon-antinucleon scattering and annihilation phenomena with fair quality.Comment: revised version, REVTEX, 9 pages, 10 figures available from this URL ftp://ikp113.ikp.kfa-juelich.de/pub/kph140/nucl-th.9411014.u

Spin Physics at Compass

COMPASS is a new fixed target experiment presently in operation at CERN. It has the goal to investigate hadron structure and hadron spectroscopy by using either muon or hadron beams. From measurements of various hadron asymmetries in polarized muon - nucleon scattering it will be possible to determine the contribution of the gluons to the nucleon spin. Main objective of the hadron program is the search of exotic states, and glueballs in particular. This physics programme is carried out with a two-stage magnetic spectrometer, with particle identification and calorimetry in both stages, which has started collecting physics data in 2002, and will run at the CERN SPS at least until 2010. Preliminary results from the 2002 run with a 160 GeV muon beam are presented for several physics channels under investigation.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures. Invited paper at the 26th Course of the "International School of Nuclear Physics": Lepton Scattering and the Structure of Hadrons and Nuclei. Erice-Sicily: 16 - 24 September 2004. to be published on "Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

Mise au point de détecteurs Micromegas pour le spectromètre CLAS12 au laboratoire jefferson

Cette thèse présente mon travail de recherche accompli depuis 2010 pour développer les détecteurs Micromegas du spectromètre CLAS12 qui sera installé dans le hall B du laboratoire Jefferson aux Etats-Unis. Les Micromegas sont des détecteurs gazeux robustes, rapides et bon marché. Ils doivent cependant être adaptés à l'environnement spécifique de CLAS12 car les défis sont nombreux : présence d'un champ magnétique fort, éloignement de l'électronique, fonctionnement avec un taux de hadrons élevé, nécessité de courber les détecteurs, espace disponible restreint. Ma thèse a commencé par des tests de détecteurs en faisceau au CERN qui ont permis d'estimer que le taux de décharges dans les Micromegas de CLAS12 serait de quelques Hertz. Une part importante de ce document est ainsi consacrée à l'étude de plusieurs méthodes innovantes dont l'objectif est de minimiser le temps mort dû aux décharges. J'ai donc mené des tests intensifs portant sur l'optimisation du filtre haute tension de la microgrille, l'introduction d'une feuille de GEM dans un Micromegas ou encore l'utilisation de Micromegas dits résistifs. Ces derniers donnant d'excellents résultats, des prototypes à l'échelle 1, dont l'un fabriqué par un industriel, ont été testés. La mécanique et le point de fonctionnement (gaz, tensions, géométrie...) des détecteurs ont ensuite été validés par des tests en laboratoire. Toutefois, afin de s'assurer un meilleur rapport signal sur bruit, des optimisations de la microgrille du détecteur ont été menées. Le CEA Saclay étant également responsable du développement de l'électronique des Micromegas pour CLAS12, j'ai comparé ses performances avec une autre électronique, vérifier sa résolution temporelle et déterminer le rapport signal sur bruit lorsque des limandes de 2 m connectent le détecteur à l'électronique. Les progrès réalisés dans le cadre de CLAS12 ont par ailleurs initié d'autres projets. J'ai ainsi effectué des simulations basées sur des pseudo-données pour valider la faisabilité d'une expérience portant sur les mésons exotiques pour laquelle nous avons proposé un trajectographe composé de Micromegas.This thesis presents my work performed since 2010 to develop Micromegas detectors for the CLAS12 spectrometer that will be installed in the Hall B of Jefferson Laboratory (USA). The Micromegas are robust, fast and cheap gaseous detectors. Nevertheless, they must be adapted to the specific CLAS12 environment as there are many challenges to face : presence of a strong magnetic field, off-detector frontend electronics, high hadrons rate, necessity to curve the detectors, few space available. My PhD started by beam tests at CERN that allowed to evaluate the spark rate in CLAS12 Micromegas at a few Hertz. An important part of this document is therefore devoted to the study of several innovative methods to minimize the dead time induced by sparks. Thus, I have performed intensive tests on the optimization of the micromesh high voltage filter, with on Micromegas equipped with a GEM foild or on resistive Micromegas. The latter giving excellent results, full scale prototypes, one of which built by a company, have been tested. The mechanics and the working point (gas, voltages, geometry...) of the detectors have then be validated by laboratory tests. However, to ensure a better signal over noise ratio, the micromesh has been optimized. The CEA Saclay being also responsible for the development of the electronics for CLAS12 Micromegas, I have compared its performance with another electronics, verify its time resolution and determine the signal over noise ratio when 2 m long cables are connecting the electronics to the detector. The progress realized in the context of CLAS12 have furthermore triggered other projects. So, I have carried out simulations based on pseudo-data to validate the feasibility of a meson spectroscopy experiment for which we have proposed a Micromegas based tracker.PARIS11-SCD-Bib. électronique (914719901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Micromegas in a Bulk

In this paper we present a novel way to manufacture the bulk Micromegas detector. A simple process based on the PCB (Printed Circuit Board) technology is employed to produce the entire sensitive detector. Such fabrication process could be extended to very large area detectors made by the industry. The low cost fabrication together with the robustness of the electrode materials will make it extremely attractive for several applications ranging from particle physics and astrophysics to medicineComment: 6 pages, 4 figure

New pixelized Micromegas detector for the COMPASS experiment

New Micromegas (Micro-mesh gaseous detectors) are being developed in view of the future physics projects planned by the COMPASS collaboration at CERN. Several major upgrades compared to present detectors are being studied: detectors standing five times higher luminosity with hadron beams, detection of beam particles (flux up to a few hundred of kHz/mm^2, 10 times larger than for the present detectors) with pixelized read-out in the central part, light and integrated electronics, and improved robustness. Studies were done with the present detectors moved in the beam, and two first pixelized prototypes are being tested with muon and hadron beams in real conditions at COMPASS. We present here this new project and report on two series of tests, with old detectors moved into the beam and with pixelized prototypes operated in real data taking condition with both muon and hadron beams.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, proceedings to the Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detectors conference (MPGD2009), 12-15 June 2009, Kolympari, Crete, Greece Minor details added and language corrections don

Time-like observables: differential cross section and angular asymmetry

Time-like electromagnetic form factors can be obtained from unpolarized measurements of the differential cross section in proton antiproton annihilation in a pair of leptons, as $\overline{p}$ + p ↔ e+ + e− , with the PANDA detector at FAIR. We study the sensitivity of such measurements and focus on observables such as the angular asymmetry and the ratio of electric to magnetic form factors. We also collect useful formulas and references for future simulations and studies

First attempt of the measurement of the beam polarization at an accelerator with the optical electron polarimeter POLO

The conventional methods for measuring the polarization of electron beams are either time consuming, invasive or accurate only to a few percent. We developed a method to measure electron beam polarization by observing the light emitted by argon atoms following their excitation by the impact of polarized electrons. The degree of circular polarization of the emitted fluorescence is directly related to the electron polarization. We tested the polarimeter on a test GaAs source available at the MAMI electron accelerator in Mainz, Germany. The polarimeter determines the polarization of a 50 keV electron beam decelerated to a few eV and interacting with an effusive argon gas jet. The resulting decay of the excited states produces the emission of a circularly polarized radiation line at 811.5 nm which is observed and analyzed

Realtime calibration of the A4 electromagnetic lead fluoride calorimeter

Sufficient energy resolution is the key issue for the calorimetry in particle and nuclear physics. The calorimeter of the A4 parity violation experiment at MAMI is a segmented calorimeter where the energy of an event is determined by summing the signals of neighbouring channels. In this case the precise matching of the individual modules is crucial to obtain a good energy resolution. We have developped a calibration procedure for our total absorbing electromagnetic calorimeter which consists of 1022 lead fluoride (PbF_2) crystals. This procedure reconstructs the the single-module contributions to the events by solving a linear system of equations, involving the inversion of a 1022 x 1022-matrix. The system has shown its functionality at beam energies between 300 and 1500 MeV and represents a new and fast method to keep the calorimeter permanently in a well-calibrated state