Efficient Template-Catalyzed <i>In Situ</i> Polymerization for Carbon Xerogels with Large Specific Surface Area and High Adsorption

The limited specific surface area (SSA), long preparation period, and high cost are significant challenges for carbon xerogels (CXs). To overcome these limitations, we propose an approach to prepare tannin-resorcinol-formaldehyde-based CXs through template-catalyzed in situ polymerization. ZnCl2 acts as a catalyst and significantly accelerates the polymerization reaction through the coordination of Zn2+ to the carbonyl group in formaldehyde, while atmospheric drying instead of special drying and without solvent exchange reduces the preparation period to 24 h. In addition, ZnCl2 acts as an activator for the formation of many pores. Plant-derived tannins not only reduce the preparation cost but also regulate the pore structure. The resulted CXs with hierarchical porous structures show an optimal SSA of 1308 m2/g, high adsorption capabilities (for cationic, nitrosoaniline dyes, metal, and nonmetallic ions, especially for methylene blue with 454.93 mg/g), low shrinkage down to 10%, and reusability with 92.9% retention after 5 cycles. This work provides a promising and cost-effective method for the large-scale preparation of porous carbon materials with large SSA, offering potential applications in adsorption, energy storage, and catalysis

Additional file 1 of The impact of different endometrial preparation protocols on obstetric and neonatal complications in frozen-thawed embryo transfer: a retrospective cohort study of 3,458 singleton deliveries

Additional file 1: Table S1. Definition of obstetric and neonatal complications. Table S2. Univariate and multivariate analysis of predictor variables for HDP. Table S3. Univariate and multivariate analysis of predictor variables for LGA. Table S4. Univariate and multivariate analysis of predictor variables for SGA. Table S5. Univariate and multivariate analysis of predictor variables for preterm delivery