7 research outputs found
Randomized measurement protocols for lattice gauge theories
Randomized measurement protocols, including classical shadows, entanglement
tomography, and randomized benchmarking are powerful techniques to estimate
observables, perform state tomography, or extract the entanglement properties
of quantum states. While unraveling the intricate structure of quantum states
is generally difficult and resource-intensive, quantum systems in nature are
often tightly constrained by symmetries. This can be leveraged by the
symmetry-conscious randomized measurement schemes we propose, yielding clear
advantages over symmetry-blind randomization such as reducing measurement
costs, enabling symmetry-based error mitigation in experiments, allowing
differentiated measurement of (lattice) gauge theory entanglement structure,
and, potentially, the verification of topologically ordered states in existing
and near-term experiments.Comment: 18 pages, 15 figure
Feasibility of a trapped atom interferometer with accelerating optical traps
In order to increase the measured phase of an atom interferometer and improve
its sensitivity, researchers attempt to increase the enclosed space-time area
using two methods: creating larger separations between the interferometer arms
and having longer evolution times. However, increasing the evolution time
reduces the bandwidth that can be sampled, whereas decreasing the evolution
time worsens the sensitivity. In this paper, we attempt to address this by
proposing a setup for high-bandwidth applications, with improved overall
sensitivity. This is realized by accelerating and holding the atoms using
optical dipole traps. We find that accelerations of up to -
m/s can be achieved using acousto-optic deflectors (AODs) to move the
traps. By comparing the sensitivity of our approach to acceleration as a
baseline to traditional atom interferometry, we find a substantial improvement
to the state of the art. In the limit of appropriate beam and optics
stabilization, sensitivities approaching 10 (m/s)/
may be achievable at 1 Hz, while detection at 1 kHz with a sensitivity an order
of magnitude better than traditional free-fall atom interferometers is possible
with today's systems.Comment: 25 pages. 9 figures. New subsection on achievable sensitivities
added. Some corrections of factors of 2 and \pi. Numerics update
Shadow process tomography of quantum channels
Quantum process tomography is a critical capability for building quantum
computers, enabling quantum networks, and understanding quantum sensors. Like
quantum state tomography, the process tomography of an arbitrary quantum
channel requires a number of measurements that scale exponentially in the
number of quantum bits affected. However, the recent field of shadow
tomography, applied to quantum states, has demonstrated the ability to extract
key information about a state with only polynomially many measurements. In this
work, we apply the concepts of shadow state tomography to the challenge of
characterizing quantum processes. We make use of the Choi isomorphism to
directly apply rigorous bounds from shadow state tomography to shadow process
tomography, and we find additional bounds on the number of measurements that
are unique to process tomography. Our results, which include algorithms for
implementing shadow process tomography enable new techniques including
evaluation of channel concatenation and the application of channels to shadows
of quantum states. This provides a dramatic improvement for understanding
large-scale quantum systems.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures; Added citation to similar work; Errors
corrected. Previous statements of main result first missed and then
miscalculated an exponential cost in system size; Version accepted for
publicatio
Decoherence from Long-Range Forces in Atom Interferometry
Atom interferometers provide a powerful means of realizing quantum coherent
systems with increasingly macroscopic extent in space and time. These systems
provide an opportunity for a variety of novel tests of fundamental physics,
including ultralight dark matter searches and tests of modifications of
gravity, using long drop times, microgravity. However, as experiments operate
with longer periods of free fall and become sensitive to smaller background
effects, key questions start to emerge about the fundamental limits to future
atom interferometery experiments. We study the effects on atomic coherence from
hard-to-screen backgrounds due to baths of ambient particles with long-range
forces, such as gravitating baths and charged cosmic rays. Our approach -
working in the Heisenberg picture for the atomic motion - makes proper
inclusion of the experimental apparatus feasible and clearly shows how to
handle long-range forces and preferred frame ambiguities. We find that these
potential backgrounds are likely negligible for the next generation of
interferometers, as aggressive estimates for the gravitational decoherence from
a background bath of dark matter particles gives a decoherence timescale on the
order of years.Comment: 32 pages, 3 figure