Environments and People of Sumatran Peat Swamp Forests II : Distribution of Villages and Interactions between People and Forests

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました

Ecological Factors of the Recently Expanding Style of Shifting Cultivation in Southeast Asian Subtropical Areas : Why Could Fallow Periods Be Shortened?

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました

Reciprocal interactions between carbon storage function and plant species diversity in a tropical peat swamp forest (The front of area studies)

Although carbon storage in ecosystems and biological diversity have been central issues of environmental and ecological sciences for a decade, a reciprocal relationship between diversity and productivity of ecosystems is still unknown. To reveal such the reciprocal relationship, we measured the microtopography around some tree groups, estimated fl ows and stocks of organic matters in soils in the form of litters and roots under three kinds of microtopographic conditions, measured decomposition rates, and detected the shift of distribution patterns of dominant species among growing stages in relation to locations of tree groups creating specifi c microtopographic conditions in a tropical peat swamp forest. The results suggest that heterogeneity of peat accumulation rate results in undulating peat surface. Such undulating peat surface contributes to habitat differentiation of tree species, because subtle difference in peat surface elevation determines the degree of fl ooding, which affects survival rates of plants differently according to species. Such the distribution of plant species formed through the above process determines local regime of organic matter dynamics that determines peat surface conditions of near futures. Thus, in tropical peat swamp forests diversity and productivity were closely interdependent to each other, although the diversity has attracted less attention than carbon storage function

Environments and People of Sumatran Peat Swamp Forests I : Distribution and Typology of Vegetation

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました

Environments and People of Sumatran Peat Swamp Forests II : Distribution of Villages and Interactions between People and Forests

I studied the distribution of villages and the interactions between people and forests in a lowland plains of Sumatra. I classified the villages there into four types. Pangkalan villages (river ports at the foot of hills) are located in flood zones. Muara villages (river ports at confluence points) are usually found in central zones. Migrant villages and fishing villages are settled in tidal zones. Different types of villages are found in different habitats, but they are connected by a network. The connections between pangkalan villages and muara villages are especially strong. In the central zone, the lands suitable for agriculture are limited to small areas covered by mixed peat swamp forests, and the other areas can be used only as forests. As a result, people in the central zone (villagers of muara villages) have the closest relationships with forests. In this paper I describe the agricultural, fishing, and hunting practices, the dietary taboos, the logging methods, and the plant usage that I observed in the muara villages of Riau, in the Kampar region. I conclude that the most important reason to conserve peat swamp forests is to secure the survival of the people who live among them, (especially those who lack capital). I also point out that the network connecting the different kinds of villages plays important roles in enabling villagers to adapt quickly to changes in the environment and to avoid overexploitation. Taboos in diets are considered to contribute greatly to the villagers' sense of belonging to the network at the level of everyday life. Since the recent political crisis in Indonesia, the government's protection of the forests has been unreliable. The reason why forests still remain is that the Malays, an influential group, have prevented newcomers from devastating their lives, which are founded on close interaction with the forest.この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました

Bat Diversity In The Vegetation Mosaic Around A Lowland Dipterocarp Forest Of Borneo

Fukuda, Daisuke, Tisen, Oswald Braken, Momose, Kuniyasu, Sakai, Shoko (2009): Bat Diversity In The Vegetation Mosaic Around A Lowland Dipterocarp Forest Of Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 57 (1): 213-221, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.534197

Ecological Factors of the Recently Expanding Style of Shifting Cultivation in Southeast Asian Subtropical Areas : Why Could Fallow Periods Be Shortened?

In Southeast Asian subtropical areas, fallow periods of shifting cultivation have shortened, and fallow vegetation has changed from forest to herbaceous meadow. It is widely believed that traditional farming systems have collapsed from the pressure of rising population, but the author considers this doubtful. The author investigated the ecological factors that enabled the newly expanding style of shifting cultivation in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China, to offer a counterargument to the hypothesis that untraditional styles of shifting cultivation are all unsustainable. Nine months after Eupatorium odoratum L., a perennial herb that invaded from South America, was removed from fallow fields, the most harmful perennial grass, Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv., was dominant. When water buffaloes were excluded from fallow fields for four years, Imperata cylindrica also became dominant. It was concluded that the newly expanding style of shifting cultivation is a rational adaptation to the invasion of the herbaceous perennial plant Eupatorium odoratum. Perennial grasses, especially Imperata cylindrica, the control of which is the most important factor determining fallow duration, are quickly excluded by the combination of Eupatorium odoratum and buffalo grazing. This explains why fallow periods could be shortened. In the farming system observed today, the selective herbicide 2-4-D greatly helps to reduce weeding labors. In addition to ecological factors, easier access to the market has also caused the successive changes in farming systems.この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました

Fig. 4 in Phytophagous Scarabaeid Diversity In Swidden Cultivation Landscapes In Sarawak, Malaysia

Fig. 4. Ordination diagram of NMDS scores (along the first two axes) for the scarab beetle community in the study plots.Published as part of <i>Kishimoto-Yamada, Keiko, Itioka, Takao, Nakagawa, Michiko, Momose, Kuniyasu & Nakashizuka, Tohru, 2011, Phytophagous Scarabaeid Diversity In Swidden Cultivation Landscapes In Sarawak, Malaysia, pp. 285-293 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 59 (2)</i> on page 291, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10107669">10.5281/zenodo.10107669</a&gt