Heterogeneity of Patients With Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults: Linkage to Autoimmunity Is Apparent Only in Those With Perceived Need for Insulin Treatment: Results from the Nord-Trøndelag Health (HUNT) study

OBJECTIVE—Subjects with the diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) are more prone to need insulin treatment than those with type 2 diabetes. However, not all patients with LADA develop the need for insulin treatment, indicating the heterogeneity of LADA. We investigated this heterogeneity by comparing phenotypes of LADA with and without perceived need for insulin treatment (data obtained at times when diagnosis of LADA was not investigated) and also compared LADA and type 2 diabetes phenotypes

The Distributed Multimedia Learning Environment Employing Gaming-Simulation Method with Expert Systems in the World of Macro Economics

This study aims at describing the architecture of the distributed multimedia learning environment employing gaming/simulation method for the world of "Macro Economics". Especially, this system is emphasized on the integrated framework of the advanced technologies like the higher gaming/simulation, digitized image processing, expert system, communication technology of file serving, in consideration of the concept of intelligent learning environment. In the system, each of the participating students can play the role of an agent in "macro economics world" on the basis of social situated learning by using the function of gaming/simulation under the networking environment. The system incorporates an expert system representing the virtual smart student and a chairman-expert system which controls the whole system. The idea is derived from the concept according to which the computer companion should be embedded in the system in order to support the student in learning by observation and modeling