Multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors for frequent exacerbation.

<p>Frequent exacerbation is defined as ≥2 exacerbations per year.</p><p>RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; CRP, C-reactive protein; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long-acting β2 agonist.</p

Inflammatory markers in blood and use of COPD medication in patients between patients with normal and higher IgG titer against <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis.</i>

<p>High-IgG titer group includes subjects whose titers against <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (<i>Pg</i>FDC381 and/or <i>Pg</i>Su63) are above mean+2SD of healthy subsets <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040570#pone.0040570-Sugi1" target="_blank">[20]</a>.</p><p>Data area expressed as medians (25th–75th percentiles).</p

Comparison of baseline characteristics between patients with normal and higher IgG titer against <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis.</i>

<p>High-IgG titer group includes subjects whose titers against <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (<i>Pg</i>FDC381 and/or <i>Pg</i>Su63) are above mean+2SD of healthy subsets <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040570#pone.0040570-Sugi1" target="_blank">[20]</a>.</p><p>“Frequent exacerbations” are defined as ≥2 exacerbations per year.</p><p>FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in one second; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.; MRC, British Medical Research Council. Data are expressed as medians (25th–75th percentiles).</p

Frequency of exacerbations of patients with COPD and elevated serum IgG antibody titer against <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>.

<p>Annual frequency of exacerbation is lower in patients with higher IgG titer than with normal IgG titer (1.2 vs. 0.8/year, p  = 0.045).</p

Patients’ baseline characteristics (n = 93).

<p>FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in one second;</p><p>GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease;</p><p>“High-IgG titer” includes subjects whose titers against <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (<i>Pg</i>FDC381 and <i>Pg</i>Su63) are above mean+2SD of healthy subsets <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040570#pone.0040570-Sugi1" target="_blank">[20]</a>.</p><p>Pg, <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis.</i> Data are expressed as median (25th–75th percentiles).</p

Frequency of exacerbations and elevated serum IgG antibody titer against <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis.</i>

<p>High-IgG titer group includes subjects whose titers against <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (<i>Pg</i>FDC381 and/or <i>Pg</i>Su63) are above mean+2SD of healthy subsets <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040570#pone.0040570-Sugi1" target="_blank">[20]</a>.</p><p>Frequent exacerbations” are defined as ≥2 exacerbations per year.</p