The Role of Controlling Inflation in the Perspective of Al-Qur\u27an

The phenomenon of inflation that exists is actually not a short-term phenomenon and occurs situationally. However, like in other developing countries, the problem of inflation is more on the issue of long-term inflation that is increasingly complex and increasingly difficult to control. Conventional economic policies are no longer able to solve this problem. According to the perspective of the Qur\u27an, the source of the emergence of economic turmoil, which is indicated by high inflation, is due to the use of currencies that deviate from the Qur\u27an. The deviation is nothing but making the currency a commodity in order to make a profit. The advantage is called by the Qur\u27an in terms of usury, both usury nasi\u27ah and fadhl. Therefore, if we want to create a more stable economy, with a more controlled inflation rate, then there must be courage to eliminate the source of the main cause

Grand potential in thermodynamics of solid bodies and surfaces

Using the chemical potential of a solid in a dissolved state or the corresponding component of the chemical potential tensor at equilibrium with the solution, a new concept of grand thermodynamic potential for solids has been suggested. This allows generalizing the definition of Gibbs' quantity $\sigma$ (surface work often called the solid-fluid interfacial free energy) at a planar surface as an excess grand thermodynamic potential per unit surface area that (1) does not depend on the dividing surface location and (2) is common for fluids and solids.Comment: 6 page

Clicktivism Sebagai Dramaturgi Di Media Sosial

Media sosial adalah salah satu medium online yang paling banyak digunakan saat ini dengan angka pengguna yang terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Media sosial dipercaya telah membawa bentuk baru dalam dunia komunikasi, termasuk sosiologi komunikasi. Di Indonesia dan beberapa negara lainnya, penggunaan media sosial dalam sebuah aktivisme telah menjadi hal yang lumrah. Aktivisme suatu gerakan sosial menggunakan fitur-fitur yang terdapat dalam media sosial untuk mencari anggota/relawan dan mendukung penyebaran awareness dari gerakan agar menyebar luas (viral). Dengan tujuan tersebut, aktivisme dalam suatu gerakan sosial rentan berubah menjadi clicktivism, yaitu kemauan untuk menunjukkan kepedulian dari suatu gerakan sosial melalui aktivitas di dunia maya (click), tetapi tidak diimbangi dengan pengorbanan yang berarti (action) dalam membuat suatu Perubahan sosial di dunia nyata. Banyaknya clicktivism yang terjadi di media sosial seakan memberi peluang bagi pelaku (clicktivist) untuk memanfaatkan aktivitas tersebut sebagai upaya unjuk diri, seperti yang dijelaskan dalam konsep dramaturgi oleh Erving Goffman (1959). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui makna dan gagasan-gagasan clicktivist yang menjadikan clicktivism sebagai dramaturgi di media sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode analisis semiotika oleh Roland Barthes (1957). Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi dokumentasi, yaitu dengan mengumpulkan beberapa post di media sosial tentang gerakan Ice Bucket Challenge pada Agustus 2014. Data kemudian diinterpretasi menggunakan konsep analisis mitos dalam studi semiotika Barthes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa clicktivist menggunakan aksi dalam gerakan Ice Bucket Challenge sebagai upaya untuk menampilkan diri, seperti yang dijelaskan Goffman dalam konsep dramaturgi. Clicktivist menggunakan front stage untuk mempercantik tampilan dirinya melalui aksi yang dilakukan, atau pakaian dan atribut yang dikenakan. Clicktivist juga menggunakan impression management agar dipersepsikan secara positif oleh penonton sesuai dengan gambaran/image ideal dirinya. Impression management ditunjukkan melalui pakaian/atribut yang dikenakan, juga dari dialog dan gesture yang ditampilkan clicktivist. Sedangkan back stage merupakan fakta-fakta yang terdapat dalam aksi Ice Bucket Challenge yang dilakukan clicktivist. Fakta ini seringkali tidak sesuai dengan apa yang diungkapkan clicktivist pada front stage-ny

Kinetic description of the relaxation of surfactant solutions in the absence of activation barrier between spherical and cylindrical micelles

Abstract -The realistic situation, where there is no potential barrier of aggregation work between the spherical and cylindrical micelles, is analyzed within the framework of the kinetic description of the relaxation of nonionic surfactant solution containing spherical and cylindrical micelles. The variations in the sum of the total concentrations of spherical and cylindrical micelles caused by the total flux of molecular aggregates over the potential barrier of aggregation work between the monomers and spherical micelles is taken into account; it is also accounted for that, in the absence of the potential barrier of aggregation work between the spherical and cylindrical micelles, they are present in the mutual quasi-equilibrium. The closed linearized relaxation equation determining the variations (with time) in the total concentrations of spherical and cylindrical micelles in a materially isolated surfactant solution is derived and solved. The variations (with time) of the total concentrations of spherical and cylindrical micelles, the concentration of surfactant monomers, as well as the total amount of surfactant in cylindrical micelles, in the process of approach of a materially isolated micellar solution to the final equilibrium state are described analytically. It is disclosed that, at the mutual quasi-equilibrium of spherical and cylindrical micelles, the opposite-sign deviations of the total amount of substance in cylindrical micelles and the total amount of cylindrical micelles from their values in the final equilibrium state of a materially isolated solution is attributed to the relatively large cylindrical micelles. The agreement between the results obtained and analogous results of the description of micellar relaxation in the presence of the potential barrier of aggregation work between spherical and cylindrical micelles whose relative height is at least slightly lower than that between monomers and spherical micelles is demonstrated. Comparison is performed for the cases of the absence of either spherical or cylindrical micelles. Analytical expressions, which are accessible for experimental verification, for the ratios of relaxation times of surfactant solutions containing spherical and cylindrical micelles to those of surfactant solutions containing either spherical or cylindrical micelles alone are derived

Prescreening based on the presence of CT-scan abnormalities and biomarkers (KL-6 and SP-D) may reduce severe radiation pneumonitis after stereotactic radiotherapy

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Purpose</p> <p>To determine the risk factors of severe radiation pneumonitis (RP) after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for primary or secondary lung tumors.</p> <p>Materials and methods</p> <p>From January 2003 to March 2009, SBRT was performed on 117 patients (32 patients before 2005 and 85 patients after 2006) with lung tumors (primary = 74 patients and metastatic/recurrent = 43 patients) in our institution. In the current study, the results on cases with severe RP (grades 4-5) were evaluated. Serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) and serum Surfactant protein-D (SP-D) were used to predict the incidence of RP. A shadow of interstitial pneumonitis (IP) on the CT image before performing SBRT was also used as an indicator for RP. Since 2006, patients have been prescreened for biological markers (KL-6 & SP-D) as well as checking for an IP-shadow in CT.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Grades 4-5 RP was observed in nine patients (7.7%) after SBRT and seven of these cases (6.0%) were grade 5 in our institution. A correlation was found between the incidence of RP and higher serum KL-6 & SP-D levels. IP-shadow in patient's CT was also found to correlate well with the severe RP. Severe RP was reduced from 18.8% before 2005 to 3.5% after 2006 (<it>p </it>= 0.042). There was no correlation between the dose volume histogram parameters and these severe RP patients.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Patients presenting with an IP shadow in the CT and a high value of the serum KL-6 & SP-D before SBRT treatment developed severe radiation pneumonitis at a high rate. The reduction of RP incidence in patients treated after 2006 may have been attributed to prescreening of the patients. Therefore, pre-screening before SBRT for an IP shadow in CT and serum KL-6 & SP-D is recommended in the management and treatment of patients with primary or secondary lung tumors.</p

Exceptionally high incidence of symptomatic grade 2–5 radiation pneumonitis after stereotactic radiation therapy for lung tumors

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To determine the usefulness of dose volume histogram (DVH) factors for predicting the occurrence of radiation pneumonitis (RP) after application of stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) for lung tumors, DVH factors were measured before irradiation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>From May 2004 to April 2006, 25 patients were treated with SRT at the University of Tokyo Hospital. Eighteen patients had primary lung cancer and seven had metastatic lung cancer. SRT was given in 6–7 fields with an isocenter dose of 48 Gy in four fractions over 5–8 days by linear accelerator.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Seven of the 25 patients suffered from RP of symptomatic grade 2–5 according to the NCI-CTC version 3.0. The overall incidence rate of RP grade2 or more was 29% at 18 months after completing SRT and three patients died from RP. RP occurred at significantly increased frequencies in patients with higher conformity index (CI) (p = 0.0394). Mean lung dose (MLD) showed a significant correlation with V₅–V₂₀(irradiated lung volume) (p < 0.001) but showed no correlation with CI. RP did not statistically correlate with MLD. MLD had the strongest correlation with V₅.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Even in SRT, when large volumes of lung parenchyma are irradiated to such high doses as the minimum dose within planning target volume, the incidence of lung toxicity can become high.</p