An ortho­rhom­bic polymorph of 5-[(4-methyl­phen­yl)diazen­yl]salicylaldehyde

The title compound, C14H12N2O2, is an ortho­rhom­bic polymorph of the previously reported monoclinic form [Bakir et al. (2005 ▶). Acta Cryst. E61, o1611–o1613]. The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 4.32 (13)°. The mol­ecular structures of the two polymorphs, including short intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the the hydr­oxy and keto groups, are quite similar but their crystal packings are distinct. Unlike the monoclinic form, in which centrosymmetrically related hydr­oxy and keto groups form {⋯H⋯O}2 synthons via weak O—H⋯O contacts, leading to dimeric aggregates, in the ortho­rhom­bic form, the hydrogen bonding between these groups leads to the formation of supra­molecular chains orientated along the a axis

Electrocardiographic reference values and configuration of electrocardiogram waves recorded in Black Bengal goats of different age groups

Aim: A study on age-related electrocardiographic (ECG) changes was conducted on 20 apparently healthy Black Bengal goats with no history of cardiac disorders during 2015-2016. Materials and Methods: The goats selected for the study belonged to four different age groups; Group 1: Goats up to 6 months of age, Group 2: Above 6 months and below 1 year of age, Group 3: Above 1 year and below 2 years of age, and Group 4: Above 2 years of age. The ECG was recorded with the animals in standing position using a 12-lead standard ECG recorder (Model-Cardiart-108 MK VII, manufactured by BPL, India). The paper speed was set to 25 mm/s with the sensitivity of the machine was adjusted at 1 (1 cm=mV). Results: The ECG parameters were compared within different age groups, and the data were analyzed statistically using SPSS 16.0 taking a significant level of 95% (p<0.05) in all cases. The lead-I ECG revealed a significant difference in amplitude of QRS complex, PR interval, QT interval, RR interval, PQ segment, ST segment, TP segment, and heart rate among some age groups. In bipolar limb lead-II, the amplitude of T-wave, RR interval, ST segment, TP segment, and heart rate was a significant difference among some age groups. Lead-III presented significant difference among age groups in different parameters such as QRS complex duration, T-wave duration, RR interval, ST segment, TP segment, and heart rate. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a significant variation in the ECG parameters both in terms of values and configuration of ECG waves when age is taken into consideration. The results of the study might be used as a reference value for field veterinarians

Semaphorin 3A Suppresses Tumor Growth and Metastasis in Mice Melanoma Model

<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Recent understanding on cancer therapy indicated that targeting metastatic signature or angiogenic switch could be a promising and rational approach to combat cancer. Advancement in cancer research has demonstrated the potential role of various tumor suppressor proteins in inhibition of cancer progression. Current studies have shown that axonal sprouting inhibitor, semaphorin 3A (Sema 3A) acts as a potent suppressor of tumor angiogenesis in various cancer models. However, the function of Sema 3A in regulation of melanoma progression is not well studied, and yet to be the subject of intense investigation.</p> <h3>Methodology/Principal Findings</h3><p>In this study, using multiple <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> approaches we have demonstrated that Sema 3A acts as a potent tumor suppressor <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> mice (C57BL/6) models. Mouse melanoma (B16F10) cells overexpressed with Sema 3A resulted in significant inhibition of cell motility, invasiveness and proliferation as well as suppression of <em>in vivo</em> tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis in mice models. Moreover, we have observed that Sema 3A overexpressed melanoma clone showed increased sensitivity towards curcumin and Dacarbazine, anti-cancer agents.</p> <h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our results demonstrate, at least in part, the functional approach underlying Sema 3A mediated inhibition of tumorigenesis and angiogenesis and a clear understanding of such a process may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer.</p> </div

Feasibility and sensitivity analysis of a self-sustainable hybrid system: A case study of a mountainous region in Bangladesh

The hilly territories in Bangladesh lack adequate electricity supplies due to their remote placement, which restrains the prosperity of the locality. This study presents a self-sustainable solution for Bilchari, a mountainous area of Bangladesh that shares the same electricity supply deficiency. The region lacks supplies but boasts a wealth of renewable energy resources, like biomass, wind, hydro, and solar. All of these sources are utilized to develop a hybrid system. The system load assessment is done for the winter and summer seasons according to the site's requirements. The overall simulation is performed using the hybrid optimization of multiple energy resources (HOMER) tool to find an optimum solution. Four competing solutions with different source combinations have been found by the simulation. Another four single-sourced systems are also investigated and compared to determine the superiority of hybrid systems over single-sourced systems. The results of thorough research using various optimization and sensitivity analysis exhibit that the Solar/Biomass/Battery/Wind/Hydrokinetic system is the optimum option for the location. The energy cost per kWh is only $0.128 in this configuration. And net present cost (NPC) is$303306, where operating cost is only 12,413 $/year. Moreover, the proposed system emits much lower CO2 (17.6 kg/year) with negligible other emissions making it eco-friendly. The decent outcomes from breakeven grid distance and payback period analysis make the hybrid more feasible. Therefore, the proposed hybrid system could be a viable solution for the community of the site and places with similar meteorological features worldwide, both economically and ecologically

Down-regulation of osteopontin attenuates breast tumour progression in vivo

Development of breast tumour malignancies results in enhanced expression of various oncogenic molecules. Elevated expression of osteopontin (OPN) in higher grades of breast carcinoma correlates with enhanced expressions of several oncogenic molecules (urokinase-type plasminogen activator [uPA], matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 [MMP-2 and -9]) and increased angiogenic potential of breast carcinoma. In this study, using in vitro and multiple in vivo models, we have demonstrated that silencing of OPN by its specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) down-regulates the expressions of oncogenic molecules such as uPA, MMP-2 and -9 resulting in inhibition of in vitro cell motility and in vivo tumourigenicity in mice. Moreover our results demonstrated that OPN-/- mice showed slower progression of tumour growth in breast cancer model as compared to wild-type mice. Furthermore, the data showed that injection of carcinogenic compound, pristane (2, 6,10,14-tetramethylpen-tadecane) induces breast tumour progression leading to enhanced expression of OPN and other oncogenic molecules in mammary fat pad of nude- and wild-type mice but not in OPN-/ mice. However, intratumoural injection of OPN siRNA to pristane-induced tumour significantly suppressed these effects. Our data revealed that knocking down of OPN effectively curb breast cancer progression and further suggested that developing of OPN-based therapeutics might be an emerging approach for the next generation of breast cancer management

Long-segment intramedullary spinal dermoid

A 30-year-old man presented with a fairly large intramedullary mass lesion involving virtually the entire spinal cord. It was hyperintense on both T1W and T2W sequences, with signal suppression on fat-saturation images. Subsequent noncontrast CT scan of the spine confirmed the presence of fat and calcification within the lesion, thus leading to the diagnosis of an intramedullary dermoid

ALTERATIONS IN ELECTROCARDIOGRAMS OF LABRADOR RETRIEVER DOGS DURING HANDLING WITH AND WITHOUT GLOVES

Healthy male Labrador Retriever dogs (n=8) aged between one to three years constituted the study material. The study was carried out to peruse the alterations in electrocardiograms, when the attendant restrained the dogs with bare hands and when the dogs were restrained by the attendant wearing gloves. The mean amplitude of P wave was higher in dogs handled with gloves. Similarly, the amplitudes of QRS complex and T wave were higher in the electrocardiograms of dogs handled with insulated hands. Meanwhile, the duration of T wave and Q-T interval were higher in the electrocardiograms recorded without gloves in hands. However, no alterations were perceived with respect to the duration of P wave, duration of T wave, the P-R interval, R-R interval and the heart rate. Except for the amplitude of P wave, no other differences were statistically significant. The study reported the alterations in the electrocardiogram while handling the animals with bare hands

Di-&#956;-iodido-bis(iodido{methyl 4-[(pyridin-2-ylmethylidene)amino]benzoate-&#954;2N,N&#8242;}cadmium)

The complete binuclear molecule of the title compound, [Cd2I4(C14H12N2O2)2], is generated by the application of a centre of inversion. The Cd&#8212;I bond lengths of the central core are close and uniformly longer than the exocyclic Cd&#8212;I bond. The coordination sphere of the CdII atom is completed by two N atoms of a chelating methyl 4-[(pyridin-2-ylmethylidene)amino]benzoate ligand, and is based on a square pyramid with the terminal I atom in the apical position. The three-dimensional crystal packing is stabilized by C&#8212;H...O and C&#8212;H...&#960; interactions, each involving the pyridine ring