Hemijski sastav i biološka aktivnost ekstrakta semena šljive

The aim of this paper was to estimate the biological activity of the plum seed extract and to define the chemical composition by using the ESI-MS method. During the investigation of the antioxidant activity, the extract showed a better ability to inhibit DPPH radicals compared with amygdalin standard. The results of the antimicrobial study indicate that the extract has a greater effect on Gram-negative bacteria compared with amygdalin. Gram-positive bacteria and fungi remained resistant in both cases. Unlike amygdalin, the extract showed a greater antimicrobial activity against the same microbiological strains. Amygdalin was isolated from the extract before the investigation of antiproliferative activity against MDA-MB-361, MDA-MB-453, HeLa and LS174 cell lines using MTT assay. Unlike the MDA-MB-453 cell line, the activity of standard and isolated amygdalin was not observed at the concentrations lower than 400 μg cm-3 on MDA-MB-361 cell line. The isolated amygdalin has not shown the activity in other cell lines. The antiproliferative activity of amygdalin standard was also noticed on HeLa and LS-174 cell lines at the concentrations of 333.27 and 333.17 μg cm-3, respectively.Cilj ovog rada bila je procena biološke aktivnosti ekstrakta semena šljive i definisanje hemijskog sastava primenom ESI-MS metode. Tokom ispitivanja antioksidativne aktivnosti, ekstrakt je pokazao bolju sposobnost inhibiranja DPPH radikala u poređenju sa standardom amigdalina. Rezultati antimikrobne studije pokazali su da ekstrakt ima veći uticaj na rast Gram-negativnih bakterija u odnosnu na amigdalin. Gram-pozitivne bakterije i gljivice ostale su rezistentne u oba slučaja. Za razliku od amigdalina, ekstrakt je pokazao veću antimikrobnu aktivnost na iste sojeve mikroorganizama. Amigdalin je izolovan iz ekstrakta pre ispitivanja antiproliferativne aktivnosti na MDA-MB-361, MDA-MB-453, HeLa i LS174 ćelijskim linijama upotrebom MTT testa. Za razliku od MDA-MB-453 ćelijskih linija, aktivnost standarda i izolovanog amigdalina nije uočena na MDA-MB-361 ćelijskim linijama pri koncentracijama nižim od 400 μg cm-3. Izolovani amigdalin nije pokazao aktivnost na ostalim ćelijskim linijama. Antiproliferativna aktivnost standarda amigdalina uočena je i na HeLa i LS-174 ćelijskim linijama pri koncentracijama 333.27 i 333.17 μg cm-3, respektivno

Sastav mikro i makroelemenata i nutritivna vrednost u tri jestive pečurke iz Srbije

Nutrition value, as well as macro- and microconstituents of three edible mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes, Macrolepiota procera) collected in Serbia were tested. It has been determined that all three mushroom samples were low in energy, fat and carbohydrates, but rich in β-glucans content. The most abundant elements in these three mushrooms were essential marcroelements Ca, K and P, but also there is a significant amount of Li, Se and Zn. On the other hand, toxic elements, such as Pb, As and Cd were also detected in level higher than allowed.Nutritivna vrednost, kao i sadržaj makro- i mikroelemenata testirana je u uzorcima tri jestive pečurke, sakupljene u Srbiji (Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes, Macrolepiota procera). Pokazano je da su sve tri gljive bile siromašne energijom, mastima i ugljenimhidratima, ali bogate β-glukanima. Najzastupljeniji elementi u sva tri uzorka bili su esencijalni makroelementi Ca, K i P, ali je takođe je detektovana značajna količina Li, Se i Zn. Sa druge strane, koncentracija toksičnih metala, Pb, As i Cd, bila je iznad dozvoljenih granica

Antimicrobial activity of lozenge with garlic bulb powder

According to the tested antimicrobial activity of constituents and their chemical characteristics, a new formulation of oral antiseptic was made based on garlic bulb powder and its active principles with strong antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi. The antimicrobial activity of garlic bulb powder, allicin and the lozenge with 15% of garlic powder was tested using broth microdilution method. The tested garlic powder, as well the lozenge, have shown very high antimicrobial activity with MIC 1.25-5.00 mg/ml, and 1.87-7.50 mg/ml, respectively. The major compound, allicin, was highly active at a very low concentration. The minimal inhibitory concentration of allicin was from 6.25-12.50 μg/ml for antibacterial activity and 0.4 μg/ml for antifungal activity. Those concentrations are comparable with concentrations of commercially available antibiotics and fungicides. The formulation of an antiseptic with herbal constituents, high antibacterial and antifungal activity and pleasant taste could be an alternative to classical pharmaceutical oral antiseptics.Na osnovu ispitane antimikrobne aktivnosti komponenata i njihovih hemijskih karakteristika, napravljena je nova formulacija oralnog antiseptika koji kao aktivnu komponentu ima prašak belog luka čiji sastojci pokazuju veoma izraženu aktivnost protiv širokog spektra bakterija i gljive Candida albicans. Antimikrobna aktivnost praška belog luka, alicina i lozengi sa 15% praška belog luka je ispitivana bujon mikrodilucionom metodom. Testiran prašak belog luka, kao i lozenge imaju veoma jaku antimikrobnu aktivnost sa minimalnim inhibitornim koncentracijama (MIC) 1,25-5,00 mg/ml (prašak belog luka) i 1,87-7,50 mg/ml (lozenge). Glavna aktivna komponeta belog luka, alicin, pokazuje antimikrobnu aktivnost u veoma niskim koncentracijama. Minimalne inhibitorne koncentracije alicina se kreću od 6,25-12,5 μg/ml protiv bakterija i 0,4 μg/ml protiv gljivice Candida albicans. Ove koncentracije se mogu uporediti sa koncentracijama komercijalnih antibiotika i fungicida. Naši rezultati su u skladu sa prethodnim ispitivanjima alicina i različitih ekstrakta belog luka, i potvrđuju najvažniju ulogu alicina u antimikrobnoj aktivnosti. Veoma je važna visoka aktivnost ovako formulisanog oralnog preparata protiv gljivice C. albicans koja je čest uzročnik infekcija usne duplje. Formulisan proizvod sa antiseptičkim osobinama karakteriše stanje čvrstog rastvora gde su aktivne supstance molekularno-disperzno ugrađene u obliku dobro rastvornog polimernog matriksa (sorbitola) velike specifične površine. Dobra rastvorljivost polimernog matriksa i velika specifična površina omogućuju zadovoljavajuću brzinu otpuštanja aktivnih principa iz belog luka (alicin). Pored visoke antimikrobne aktivnosti, lozenge poseduju prijatan ukus i osvežavaju dah, pa se mogu koristiti kao prirodni antiseptik u prevenciji i terapiji infekcija sluzokože usta i ždrela. Formulacija antiseptika sa biljnim sastojcima i visokom antibakterijskom i antifungalnom aktivnošću može biti alternativa farmaceutskim oralnim antisepticima.Projekat ministarstva br. 173021, br. 34012 i br. 17303

Antimikrobna aktivnost lozengi sa praškom belog luka

According to the tested antimicrobial activity of constituents and their chemical characteristics, a new formulation of oral antiseptic was made based on garlic bulb powder and its active principles with strong antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi. The antimicrobial activity of garlic bulb powder, allicin and the lozenge with 15% of garlic powder was tested using broth microdilution method. The tested garlic powder, as well the lozenge, have shown very high antimicrobial activity with MIC 1.25-5.00 mg/ml, and 1.87-7.50 mg/ml, respectively. The major compound, allicin, was highly active at a very low concentration. The minimal inhibitory concentration of allicin was from 6.25-12.50 μg/ml for antibacterial activity and 0.4 μg/ml for antifungal activity. Those concentrations are comparable with concentrations of commercially available antibiotics and fungicides. The formulation of an antiseptic with herbal constituents, high antibacterial and antifungal activity and pleasant taste could be an alternative to classical pharmaceutical oral antiseptics.Na osnovu ispitane antimikrobne aktivnosti komponenata i njihovih hemijskih karakteristika, napravljena je nova formulacija oralnog antiseptika koji kao aktivnu komponentu ima prašak belog luka čiji sastojci pokazuju veoma izraženu aktivnost protiv širokog spektra bakterija i gljive Candida albicans. Antimikrobna aktivnost praška belog luka, alicina i lozengi sa 15% praška belog luka je ispitivana bujon mikrodilucionom metodom. Testiran prašak belog luka, kao i lozenge imaju veoma jaku antimikrobnu aktivnost sa minimalnim inhibitornim koncentracijama (MIC) 1,25-5,00 mg/ml (prašak belog luka) i 1,87-7,50 mg/ml (lozenge). Glavna aktivna komponeta belog luka, alicin, pokazuje antimikrobnu aktivnost u veoma niskim koncentracijama. Minimalne inhibitorne koncentracije alicina se kreću od 6,25-12,5 μg/ml protiv bakterija i 0,4 μg/ml protiv gljivice Candida albicans. Ove koncentracije se mogu uporediti sa koncentracijama komercijalnih antibiotika i fungicida. Naši rezultati su u skladu sa prethodnim ispitivanjima alicina i različitih ekstrakta belog luka, i potvrđuju najvažniju ulogu alicina u antimikrobnoj aktivnosti. Veoma je važna visoka aktivnost ovako formulisanog oralnog preparata protiv gljivice C. albicans koja je čest uzročnik infekcija usne duplje. Formulisan proizvod sa antiseptičkim osobinama karakteriše stanje čvrstog rastvora gde su aktivne supstance molekularno-disperzno ugrađene u obliku dobro rastvornog polimernog matriksa (sorbitola) velike specifične površine. Dobra rastvorljivost polimernog matriksa i velika specifična površina omogućuju zadovoljavajuću brzinu otpuštanja aktivnih principa iz belog luka (alicin). Pored visoke antimikrobne aktivnosti, lozenge poseduju prijatan ukus i osvežavaju dah, pa se mogu koristiti kao prirodni antiseptik u prevenciji i terapiji infekcija sluzokože usta i ždrela. Formulacija antiseptika sa biljnim sastojcima i visokom antibakterijskom i antifungalnom aktivnošću može biti alternativa farmaceutskim oralnim antisepticima

Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of satureja kitaibelii wierzb. Ex heuff (lamiaceae)

Methanolic extract of Satureja kitaibelii Wierzb. ex Heuff. (Lamiaceae) and its major compond rosmarinic acid possessed strong antimicrobial activity against tested bacteria and fungi, and antitumour activity against malignant cells, but without antiproliferative effect on healthy cell line MRC5. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methanolic extract was ranged between 0.0125-1.25 mg/ml, while minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) was of 0.2-5.0 mg/ml and fungicidal (MFC) was 0.15-2.5 mg/ml. The rosmarinic acid exhibited better antimicrobial activity then methanol extract. The most sensitive species to rosmarinic acid were Bacillus cereus and Candida kruzei, while Micrococcus flavus, Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger were the most resistant. The methanol extract exhibited strong activity against Fem-x human malignant melanoma cells with an IC50 39.66 +/- 2.71 mu g/ml, and moderate activity against other cancer cell lines (IC50 from 138.06 +/- 0.16 mu g/ml against estrogen-dependant breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-361 to 173.15 +/- 0.02 against a human epithelial cervical cancer cells HeLa). Rosmarinic acid arrested G2/M phase cell cycle in Fem-x cells, against which both methanol extract and rosmarinic acid possessed the best cytotoxic activity

Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Activity of Satureja Kitaibelii Wierzb. Ex Heuff (Lamiaceae)

Methanolic extract of Satureja kitaibelii Wierzb. ex Heuff. (Lamiaceae) and its major compond rosmarinic acid possessed strong antimicrobial activity against tested bacteria and fungi, and antitumour activity against malignant cells, but without antiproliferative effect on healthy cell line MRC5. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methanolic extract was ranged between 0.0125-1.25 mg/ml, while minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) was of 0.2-5.0 mg/ml and fungicidal (MFC) was 0.15-2.5 mg/ml. The rosmarinic acid exhibited better antimicrobial activity then methanol extract. The most sensitive species to rosmarinic acid were Bacillus cereus and Candida kruzei, while Micrococcus flavus, Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger were the most resistant. The methanol extract exhibited strong activity against Fem-x human malignant melanoma cells with an IC50 39.66 +/- 2.71 mu g/ml, and moderate activity against other cancer cell lines (IC50 from 138.06 +/- 0.16 mu g/ml against estrogen-dependant breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-361 to 173.15 +/- 0.02 against a human epithelial cervical cancer cells HeLa). Rosmarinic acid arrested G2/M phase cell cycle in Fem-x cells, against which both methanol extract and rosmarinic acid possessed the best cytotoxic activity.Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia [173021, 175011, 173032

Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of the Sulphur Shelf Medicinal Mushroom, Laetiporus sulphureus (Agaricomycetes), from Serbia

Cyclohexane, dichloromethane, and methanol extracts of the medicinal mushroom Laetiporus sulphureus were tested for their antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and radical scavenging activities. Total polyphenol content was also determined. Regarding the amount of the phenolic compounds in the methanol extract, there were 14.1 +/- 0.6 mg gallic acid/g dry extract and a concentration of 0.66 +/- 0.15 mg/mL resulted in the removal of 50% of the DPPH radicals (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50]) . The average minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against a select panel of microorganisms were between 125 and 250 mu g/mL, and the methanolic extract significantly inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (MIC, 31.25 mu g/mL). Also, cyclohexane and dichloromethane extracts inhibited the growth of Helicobacter pylori (MIC, 62.5 mu g/mL). Cyclohexane and dichloromethane extracts showed higher antiproliferative action compared with the methanol extract. The lowest IC50 was induced on HeLa cells by dichloromethane extract (IC50,67.20 +/- 5.49 mu g/mL), followed by cyclohexane extract (IC50 75.91 +/- 1.57 mu g/mL). The tested cyclohexane and dichloromethane extracts possessed moderate antibacterial and significant cytotoxic activity against both malignant (HeLa and N87) and healthy (MRC5) cell lines. Methanol extracts exhibited promising anti-Helicobacter activity without cytotoxicity against N87 and MRC5 cell lines

Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of naphthazarine derivatives from Onosma lentantha

The root extracts of Onosma leptanhtha were evaluated for their anti-iflammatory and cytotoxic activities. The cyclohexane extract, which appeared as the most active in both assays, has been further subjected to bioassay-directed fractionation to afford the naphthazarine derivatives: beta,beta-dimethylacrylshikonin (1), isovalerylshikonin (2) and acetylshikonin (3). The evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity was performed on carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test. All the tested compounds proved to be active, while compound 3 showed the best anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, the cytotoxic activity of the extracts and isolated compounds, was also assayed against L1210 murine lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, and human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells. Compound I exhibited remarkable cytotoxic activity (390nM for L1210 cells), which is superior to that of shikonin, which was used as control

Treatment of Venous Ulcers with the Herbal-Based Ointment Herbadermal (R): A Prospective Non-Randomized Pilot Study

Background: Venous ulcers (ulcus cruris venosum) are a common chronic disease that requires continuing treatment and significantly influences a patient's way of life. The therapeutic effects of the ointment Herbadermal on epithelialization and microbial flora of venous ulcers in 25 patients (10 men and 15 women) were tested over a 7-week period. The major components of the ointment are extracts of garlic, St. John's wort, and calendula. Material and Methods: The patients were over 18 years of age, with ulceration of the lower leg no longer than 2 months or recurrent ulceration during the last 6 months. The involved patients did not use any other phytomedicines or supportive therapies. Parameters were evaluated before the treatment and every 2 weeks during the period of 7 weeks. The total treatment response was evaluated on the basis of epithelialization, granulation, fibrin deposits, exudation, and edema. Results: The percentage of epithelialization was 99.1% after 7 weeks, without significant effects on the microbial flora. Conclusion: This combination of extracts can be recommended as topical treatment for wound healing because of its epithelizing, anti-erythematous, and anti-edematous properties

Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities of Cantharellus cibarius Fr. (Cantarellaceae)

Antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of cyclohexane, dichloromethane, methanol, and aqueous extracts of Cantharellus cibarius were tested. Broth microdilution assay was performed against 10 bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus feacalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella abony), with emphasis on Helicobacter pylori. Methanol extract was the most active against H. pylori strains with minimal inhibitory concentration values between 4 and 32 mu g/mL. All extracts were active against antibiotic resistant H. pylori. Methanol and aqueous extracts had no cytotoxicity against tested cell lines, whereas cyclohexane and dichloromethane extracts were active against HeLa and N87 cells, but also against healthy MRC-5 cells (IC50 39.26 +/- 1.24-134.79 +/- 0.01 mu g/mL). The tested aqueous extracts have shown 68% of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity in doses of 1.25 mg/mL. Chemical analysis has shown the presence of linoleic, cis-vaccenic, and oleic acids, sterols, beta-glucans, and polyphenolic compounds