SILICO MODELING AND DOCKING OF Cch1 PROTEIN OF CANDIDA GLABRATA WITH FDA-APPROVED DRUGS: A DRUG REPURPOSING APPROACH

Objective: Candida-associated mortality rate is increased worldwide in past few years due to increased resistance to available antifungal agents,where Candida glabrata has emerged as one of the most upcoming pathogens. To combat the Candida infection, new drug molecule is required. Hence,we have studied the antifungal potential of some FDA-approved drug by in silico tools against Cch1, membrane Ca+2 channel protein of C. glabrata.Methods: The 3D structure of Cch1 was predicted by Swiss modeling tool. Secondary structure was predicted by Sopma software. The docking ofFDA-approved drugs with C. glabrata Cch1 was done by iGemdock and Hex software separately.Results: We have tested total nine drugs against Cch1. Amlodipin besylate exhibited best binding energy (–372.16 kcal/mol and –185 kcal/mol foriGemdock and Hex, respectively) followed by Artesunate (–266.97 kcal/mol and –164.6 kcal/mol), Etazolate –244.35 kcal/mol and –163.9 kcal/mol).Conclusion: Amlodipin besylate has the best antifungal properties and could be used as drug after further in vitro and in vivo studies. It can be directlycome in practice since its toxicological testing has already been done.Keywords: Candida glabrata, CCH1, Calcium channel, Docking, Drug repurposing

IN SILICO PREDICTION AND VALIDATION OF MICRORNAS FROM JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS (JEV)

Objective: MicroRNAs are endogenous, small, single stranded, non coding RNAs having 19-25 nucleotides. These miRNAs are complementary to their target messenger RNAs that bind principally to its 3' un translated regions (3' UTRs). Small RNAs play crucial roles in the regulation of gene expression in many eukaryotes; therefore it is important to predict potential viral miRNAs which might be involved in an establishment of Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV) disease. Different computational approaches and methods were used for predicting viral microRNAs from the JEV genome in this work.Methods: In the present study, the use of genome-wide computational approach has been demonstrated to predict miRNAs and their target(s) in JEV genome. Two freely accessible softwares, MiPred and Genscan were used to predict the secondary structures of the potential miRNAs.Results: In all, 36 miRNAs were predicted and characterized by conducting genome-wide homology search against all the reported miRNAs. These miRNAs were further validated by performing phylogenetic analyses and using statistical tools.Further, attempt was made to predict the 3′ untranslated regions of mRNAs from whole genome of JEV which may prove helpful in finding putative targets of these miRNAs.Conclusion: This is the first study to identify and validate miRNAs in JEV which is an important step in identifying putative JEV miRNAs that utilize host cell machinery, and may play a crucial role in neuroinflammation and silencing of host genes, thus demonstrating the role of viral miRNAs in establishing viral pathogenesis.Â

Nutraceuticals Play an Emerging Role in SARS CoV2 and Neurological Dysfunction

The ApoE4 allele is a well-studied genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, a condition with increasing prevalence and no cure. Precision nutrition, which targets metabolic pathways affected by ApoE4, offers a potential tool for disease prevention. However, long-term human studies on effective nutritional protocols for preventing Alzheimer's in ApoE4 carriers are lacking, partly because the precise mechanisms underlying the increased dementia risk in carriers are not fully understood. Fortunately, recent research has shed light on these mechanisms, opening up opportunities for potential risk reduction through lifestyle and nutrition interventions. In this research paper we discuss about the chawanprash phytocompounds and it is found that Terchebin is the effective phytocompund though docking and simulation methods and thereby indicating the potent Nutraceutical against various Neurological manifestations that is caused due to SARS Cov2 and AD. In this review, we explore recent findings on how ApoE4 impacts various cellular processes, including microglia and other inflammatory pathways

Dissolution enhancement of Tibolone by micronization technique

Objectives: Tibolone is an estrogen-like compound used for the treatment of the symptoms associated with the menopausal transition and also for the treatment of osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate impact of micronization on the dissolution profile so as to improve the release rate of Tibolone drug from tablet dosage form. Materials and Methods: Tibolone oral tablet 2.5 mg is formulated using micronized and unmicronized drug in a preoptimized formula and was evaluated for drug content, dissolution, hardness, thickness, and disintegration time. Particle size reduction of Tibolone drug was achieved by Air Jet Milling and evaluated by using Malvern mastersizer instrument. Results: Micronization of Tibolone enhanced its dissolution rate to a significant extent when compared with unmicronized material. The dissolution profile of formulation with micronized Tibolone was similar to that of European market product (Livial tablet 2.5 mg). Conclusion: Micronization technique has a significant impact on the dissolution of Tibolone. The experimental findings suggest that micronization can be used for the preparation of rapidly dissolving formulations of Tibolone, and could potentially lead to improvement in the in-vivo bioavailability of Tibolone oral tablets

Unravelling the hidden ethnic fermented treasure of the Himalayas - A review on the traditionally fermented beverages of the Northwest Indian Himalayan Region

Consumption of fermented foods has been an integral part of the human food resource since the beginning of civilization. For generations, the practice of preparing fermented food have remained the same with a very little alterations in the techniques. Throughout the globe people with different ethnicity are known to produce fermented alcoholic beverages using variety of substrates depending upon the abundance and availability of the substrate in the region. Majority of the traditional fermented beverages have socio-cultural values amongst the tribal communities who consumes them, not only these fermented beverages have deep rooted link to rituals but also are consumed for nutritive and therapeutic purpose. These drinks are not only rich in its texture, flavor and nutrition but also fortified with the goodness of probiotic microflora which plays an imperative role in enhancing the overall dietary profile of the drinks. The high-altitude geographical regions of India are well-known for the rich diversity of ethno-medicinal plants, the tribal communities residing on the higher planes utilizes a variety of these ethnomedicinal plants for the preparation of ethnic fermented drinks which in turn augments the therapeutic value of the drinks. The present review exchanges insight on the preparation of some well-recognized drinks of the three regions of the North-West Indian Himalayan region i.e., Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand

Microplastic Pollution in Terrestrial Ecosystems and Its Interaction with Other Soil Pollutants: A Potential Threat to Soil Ecosystem Sustainability

The production and disposal of plastics have become significant concerns for the sustainability of the planet. During the past 75 years, around 80% of plastic waste has either ended up in landfills or been released into the environment. Plastic debris released into the environment breaks down into smaller particles through fragmentation, weathering, and other disintegration processes, generating microplastics (plastic particles ≤ 5 mm in size). Although marine and aquatic ecosystems have been the primary focus of microplastic pollution research, a growing body of evidence suggests that terrestrial ecosystems are equally at risk. Microplastic contamination has been reported in various terrestrial environments from several sources such as plastics mulch, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, tire abrasions (tire wear particles), textiles industries (microfibers), sewage sludge, and plastic dumping. Recent studies suggest that the soil has become a significant sink for pollutants released into terrestrial ecosystems and is often contaminated with a mixture of organic and inorganic pollutants. This has gradually caused adverse impacts on soil health and fertility by affecting soil pH, porosity, water-holding capacity, and soil microbial enzymatic activities. Microplastics can interact with the co-existing pollutants of the environments by adsorbing the contaminants onto their surfaces through various intermolecular forces, including electrostatic, hydrophobic, non-covalent, partition effects, van der Waals forces, and microporous filling mechanisms. This subsequently delays the degradation process of existing contaminants, thereby affecting the soil and various ecological activities of the ecosystem. Thus, the present article aims to elucidate the deleterious impact of microplastics and their interactions with other pollutants in the terrestrial ecosystem. This review also addresses the impact of microplastics in disrupting the soil sustainability of the planet

Develop a Model for Assessing the Most Efficient Diseases Diagnosis using Machine Learning

so, machine learning techniques are being developed to improve performance and maintenance prediction. Increasing our knowledge of the relationship between humans and algorithms, Because data is so valuable, improving strategies for intelligently having to manage the now-ubiquitous content infrastructures is a necessary part of the process toward completely autonomous agents. Numerous researchers recently developed numerous computer-aided diagnostic algorithms employing various supervised learning approaches. Early identification of sickness may help to reduce the number of people who die as a result of these illnesses. Using machine learning techniques, this research creates an efficient automated illness diagnostic algorithm. We chose three key disorders in this paper: coronavirus, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. The data are inputted into a mobile application in the suggested model, the investigation is then done in a real-time dataset that used a pre-trained model machine learning technique trained within the same dataset then implemented in firebase, and lastly, the illness identification result can be seen in the mobile application. Logistic regression is a method of prediction calculationRevisión por pare

Isolation of Biosurfactant-Producing Bacteria and Their Co-Culture Application in Microbial Fuel Cell for Simultaneous Hydrocarbon Degradation and Power Generation

Biosurfactant-producing microorganisms improve the efficacy of hydrocarbon biodegradation as the biosurfactant is essential in making hydrocarbons available for breakdown. The present study reports the isolation of biosurfactant-producing bacteria that can be used for crude oil remediation and to characterize the biosurfactant generated during the breakdown of crude oil. This study also reports evaluating the synergism and potentiality of biosurfactant-producing bacteria for simultaneous hydrocarbon biodegradation and power generation. Two bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis strain B1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain B2) were isolated from petroleum-contaminated soils, which are found effective in producing biosurfactants and degrading crude oil as the sole carbon source. B. subtilis B1 exhibited a higher potential for biosurfactant production and crude oil degradation than P. aeruginosa B2. The FTIR and GC-MS analysis were conducted for further characterization of the biosurfactant, which revealed that the surfactant produced by strain B1 and B2 was surfactin and rhamnolipid, respectively. The application of the B1 and B2 co-culture in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) showed synergism among them and resulted in a maximum power density production of 6.3 W/m3 with an open circuit voltage of 970 mV while degrading 2.5% v/v crude oil containing anolyte. The findings indicate that the co-culture of isolated crude oil-degrading strains has great potential for enhanced power generation and the bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated environments. Moreover, the synergism of isolated strains in MFCs suggested their potent applicability in environmental, energy, and industrial sectors as an economical and feasible alternative to the existing technologies