Impact of cinnamaldehyde on cytokine and NO secretion.

<p>Human PBMCs were incubated with increasing concentration of CA in the presence (black circles) or absence (open triangle) of LPS for 24 h and supernatants were analysed for A. IL10 and B. TNF-α levels. Data presented as mean ± SD from PBMCs of three subjects. C. Secretion of nitric oxide was determined in RAW264.7, stimulated with increasing concentration of CA in the presence or absence of LPS after 24 h. Representative data from one of three independent experiments, performed in triplicates. Data presented as mean ± SD; * p<0.05, in relation to control samples in each group.</p

Cinnamaldehyde induced apoptosis in human primary immune cells.

<p>Human PBMCs were incubated with CA and stained for CD3, CD20 and AnnexinV and analysed by flow cytometry. Data of three independent experiments are presented as mean ± SD of AnnexinV positive A. CD3 + cells and B. CD20 + cells.</p

Cinnamaldehyde influences NF-κB activation in human immune cells.

<p>A. THP1-XBlue cells or B. PBMCs were treated with different concentrations of CA alone (white bars) or in combination with LPS stimulation (black bars) for 24 h. Bars represent data from A. three independent experiments normalized to LPS alone group and B. three human subjects. Data presented as mean ± SD, * p<0.05.</p

Cinnamaldehyde affects viability and proliferation of human immune cells.

<p>A. Human PBMCs, B. THP-1, C. Jurkat E6-1 and D. Raji cells were incubated with increasing concentration of CA in the presence (black bars) or absence (white bars) of LPS. Viable cells were detected using a tetrazolium-based assay. Bars represent data from one of three independent experiments performed in triplicates. Data presented as mean ± SD, * p<0.05, in relation to control samples.</p