Traits for Screening and Selection of Cowpea Genotypes for Drought Tolerance at Early Stages of Breeding

The association of leaf water content with yield-attributes such as pod setting and number of pods/plant and seed yield in cowpea was examined using midday drop of leaf relative water content (RWC) determined from morning (800 h) and midday (1330 h) measurements of RWC. Midday drop of RWC was significantly correlated to pod setting ratio (R2 = 0.80, P 0.01), number of pods/plant (R2 = 0.87, P 0.01) and seed yield (R2 = 0.37, P 0.05). There was a significant genotypic variation for leaf water potential (LWP) at 800 and 1330 h and for RWC at 1330 h. Significant genotypic differences were also observed in pod setting ratio, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, 1000-seed weight, biomass and seed yield. Pod setting ratio was significantly and positively correlated with number of pods/plant (R2 = 0.80, P 0.01) and seed yield (R2 = 0.38, P 0.05). These results showed that the genotypes with a smaller reduction in midday drop of RWC produced a larger number of pods/plant and consequently had higher seed yield as compared with a larger midday drop of RWC. The results also showed that there was a large genotypic variation in the midday drop of RWC, which was correlated with yield-attributes and seed yield. It may therefore be possible to use midday drop of RWC as a screening and selection trait for drought tolerance of cowpea genotypes

A Fuzzy Logic Based Novel Signature Verification System on Bank Cheque with Fractal Dimensions and Connected Components

Signature plays its authorization role in almost every document. Proper care should be taken for the verification of the genuineness of the signature in legal documents. Signature verification scheme can be online or offline based on the acquisition type. A novel method for offline signature verification in bank cheques is proposed. It is found out that using fractal dimensions for verification purpose improves the accuracy rate. Also the fundamentals of offline signature verification process are discussed. The proposed system uses connected Components Labeling, Fractal Dimensions and Fuzzy Logic for signature verification. The signature is scanned and preprocessed. Using connected components labeling, the signature is split into regions and each region is labeled uniquely. Feature values for each labeled regions are extracted and normalised. Fractal dimensions of signature images are calculated. Extracted feature values and fractal dimensions are compared with the feature values of the sample signatures for its genuineness. Fuzzy classifies the genuine and forged signatures correctly to its fullest extent. Some signatures may have more noise or it may be complex for the system to identify or classify. Those signatures may need some manual intervention. The proposed verification system shows very good results with good sensitivity and specificity. It has an accuracy of maximum 50%

Phyto-pharmacological review of Portulaca quadrifida Linn.

Portulaca quadrifida Linn. (Family: Portuleacea), commonly known as “Chicken Weed”, a traditional medicinal plant has been used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for centuries, valued for its benefits in the management of urinary and inflammatory disorders. The juice of leaves is applied to abscesses and decoction is given in dysentery. The decoction of the plant can act as anthelminthic and used in the treatment of stomach complaints and gonorrhoea. Portulaca quadrifida has been reported to possess antifungal activity. The effect of ethanolic extract of Portulaca quadrifida on central and peripheral nervous system were studied by using spontaneous motor activity, in vivo muscle relaxant activity (Grip strength) and anticonvulsant activity and it is also found to have good effect on central nervous system. In this review, we have explored the Phyto-pharmacological properties of the Portulaca quadrifida plant and compiled its vast pharmacological applications to comprehend and synthesize the subject of its potential image of multipurpose medicinal agents

A RAPID RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF DABIGATRAN ETEXILATE MESYLATE IN CAPSULES

Objective: To develop a rapid, sensitive, accurate, precise and linear Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method and validate as per ICH guidelines for the quantitative estimation of Dabigatran etexilate mesylate in capsules.Methods: The optimized method uses a reverse phase column, Waters Symmetry C18 (250 X 4.6 mm; 5μ), a mobile phase of tri ethylammonium phosphate buffer (pH 2.5):acetonitrile in the proportion of 40:60 v/v, flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and a detection wavelength of 313 nm using a UV detector.Results: The developed method resulted in Dabigatran etexilate mesylate eluting at 2.44 min. It exhibited linearity in the range 15-45μg/ml. The precision is exemplified by relative standard deviation of 0.05%. Percentage mean recovery was found to be in the range of 98â€102, during accuracy studies. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) was found to be 39.19μg/ml and 118.88μg/ml respectively.Conclusion: A sensitive, rapid, accurate, precise and linear RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of Dabigatran etexilate mesylate in capsules as per ICH guidelines and hence it can be used for the routine analysis in various pharmaceutical industries.Â

A RAPID RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF EPLERENONE IN TABLETS

Objective: To develop a rapid, sensitive, accurate, precise, linear and rugged Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method and validate as per ICH guidelines for the quantitative estimation of Eplerenone in tablets.Methods: The optimized method uses a reverse phase column, Waters Symmetry C18 (250 X 4.6 mm; 5μ), a mobile phase of triethylammonium phosphate buffer (pH 2.3):acetonitrile in the proportion of 40:60 v/v, flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and a detection wavelength of 240 nm using a UV detector.Results: The developed method resulted in Eplerenone eluting at 3.63 min. Eplerenone exhibited linearity in the range 15-45μg/ml. The precision is exemplified by relative standard deviation of 0.34%. Percentage Mean recovery was found to be in the range of 98â€102, during accuracy studies. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitiation (LOQ) was found to be 39.16μg/ml and 118.66μg/ml respectively.Conclusion: A sensitive, rapid, accurate, precise, linear and rugged RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of Eplerenone in tablets as per ICH guidelines and hence it can be used for routine analysis in various pharmaceutical industries.Â

Indian Sign Language Recognition Using Deep Learning Techniques

By automatically translating Indian sign language into English speech, a portable multimedia Indian sign language translation program can help the deaf and/or speaker connect with hearing people. It could act as a translator for those that do not understand sign language, eliminating the need for a mediator and allowing communication to take place in the speaker's native language. As a result, Deaf-Dumb people are denied regular educational opportunities. Uneducated Deaf-Dumb people have a difficult time communicating with members of their culture. We provide an incorporated Android application to help ignorant Deaf-Dumb people fit into society and connect with others. The newly launched program includes a straight forward keyboard translator that really can convert any term from Indian sign language to English. The proposed system is an interactive application program for mobile phones created with application software. The mobile phone is used to photograph Indian sign language gestures, while the operating system performs vision processing tasks and the constructed audio device output signals speech, limiting the need for extra devices and costs. The perceived latency between both the hand signals as well as the translation is reduced by parallel processing. This allows for a very quick translation of finger and hand motions. This is capable of recognizing one-handed sign representations of the numbers 0 through 9. The findings show that the results are highly reproducible, consistent, and accurate

The Effect of Normalization on Intrusion Detection Classifiers (Na�ve Bayes and J48)

Intrusion Detection has become an inevitable area for commercial applications and academic research. Network traffic is typically very high volume and consists of both qualitative and quantitative data with different range of values. Raw data needs to be pre-processed before fed into any learning model and the most used technique is normalization [1]. Attribute normalization eliminates the dominance of attributes with extreme values by scaling it within the range. However, many intrusion detection methods do not normalize attributes before training and detection [2]. Network traffic data contains features that are qualitative or quantitative nature and has to be treated differently [3]. This work studies the effect of normalization on Naive Bayes and J48 Decision tree classifier with the corrected KDDCUP99 and Kyoto 2006+ dataset. A comprehensive approach for normalization for network traffic attributes has been proposed

Improved DC utilization using advanced modulation techniques with Z source Inverter

Generally, an inverter is required to convert DC power generated by PV cell into AC power. A multilevel inverter (MLI) can synthesizes a staircase waveform. In this paper, a comparative study is made on performance of 5-level Z Source H Bridge inverter by considering advanced pulse width Modulation (PWM) strategies. PWM strategies of proposed ZSI’s is quite similar to the traditional carried-based PWM control method, the only difference is that to turn null states into shoot through states and keep the active switching states unchanged, so that the reliability of the inverter is greatly improved because miss-gating can no longer destroy the circuit. Keywords: Z source Inverter; PWM Schemes; Shoot Through; Photo voltai

Outcome analysis and surveillance of infra inguinal arterial bypass graft

BACK GROUND : In Crtical Limb Ischemia, Infrainguinal bypass surgery is the mainstay of therapeutic interventions aimed at limb salvage. The outcome of surgery is the chief determinant of limb salvage and is affected by multiple factors. The graft patency rates have been related to clinical severity of ischemia, distal run-off,patients risk factors, and Diabetes. This study is planned to review the factors that will influence the outcome of infrainguinal bypass and to identify those factors that are modifiable, and will help in improving the outcome of the procedures ,improve the patency of the graft and limb salvage rate. AIM : To assess early postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing Infrainguinal bypass surgery ,to study the factors affecting the outcomes and to identify failing graft. METHODS AND MATERIALS : It is Prospective study in 56 patients from January 2010 to January 2012.Case records and angiograms of patients who underwent femoropopliteal bypass procedures. CLI and incapicitating claudication is the main indication for surgery. Data pertaining to patient risk factors and co-morbidities were evaluated. CT angio performed in all patients to assess the occlusive pattern, status of popliteal artery and run off status and the lesions were classified as per TASC 2007 classification. Infrainguinal bypass surgery were considered for all patients. Standard operative procedures were followed. Postoperatively all patients were given Plain Heparin or LMWH for 5 days & Tab. Aspirin 150mg OD & Tab. Clopidogrel 75mg and other drugs as per their co-morbidities. Graft surveillance was done by symptomatic analysis of rest pain status, palpable popliteal pulse and distal pulses, examination with handheld Doppler for signals and with Pre and post operative ABI. All patients were followed from the day of surgery to the end of 12th month. Statistical analysis of the graft patency rates were calculated with respect to the CT Angio run off status,risk factors, etiolgical factors,and limb salvage rate. RESULTS : In this study, most of the patients had presented at the age around 40 to 60 yrs. Smoking obviously forms a significant risk factor in the development of PAD as the incidence of smoking in this case series was 83.3%. Toe gangrene is commonest clinical presentation is58.9%. ASO is commonest etiology of 67.8%. Incidence of CAD, CKD and diabetes mellitus was very high in patients with outflow via collaterals. The incidence of CLI patients with single vessel runoff group are 53.5%, double vessel runoff group are 41.07% and three vessels run off group is 5.3%. Among total of 56 patients, femoro popliteal bypass forms the common form of bypass with 43 patients compared to femoro distal bypass in other patients. Among various post operative complications minor amputations being 33.9% is the commonest complication. Patients with wound infection in our series was 12.5%. During the post operative follow up period one patient expired in the early postoperative period due to myocardial infarction. In our study group infra inguinal arterial bypass surgery, out of total 56 grafts, for 43patients RGSV and 13 (1 = Composite graft) PTFE grafts used. Graft occlusion rate is 16.07% and Graft failing rate is 10.7%.Primary patency rate of graft at the end of one year is 80 % (n=44) .Graft thrombosis rate in this study is 16.36% (n=9). Six grafts were identified during their failing stage in the study, out of which 3 patients underwent Redo bypass surgery (PAP 82.1%). Among redo group for 2, grafts patency restored and their limbs salvaged and 1 graft occluded subsequently and resulted in limb amputation. The p values for primary patency, cumulative patency rates with respect to the run off status at 12th month were 0.324, 0.509 respectively and were statistically insignificant.Primary assisted patency rate in this study is 82.1%. Limb salvage rate was 94.54%. Failing graft in this study is 10.9% ( n=6 ). Major Amputation rate in this study is (5.3 %). The graft patency was compared in relation to etiological factors in 56 patients. In atherosclerosis group of 38 grafts used, out them n=29 had patent grafts, n=4 occluded and n=6 were failing. In thromboangitis obliterans n=11 were patent and n=4 were occuled. In Arteritis group n=1 patent and n=1 occuled. TAO and arteritis had increased risk of graft occlusion during the follow up. The occurrence of graft stenosis or occlusion is more common in patients who underwent infragenicular bypasses than above knee bypass. In this study one case of Atrial myxoma presented with CLI , had undergone femoro-proximal popliteal bypass surgery and graft was patent compared with literature (18) Vascular. 2005 Jul-Aug;13(4):222-9. The rate of limb salvage in patients with failed grafts was 83.3% fo 1 year, when compared to literature (only 50% at 2 yrs after failure. - Midwestern vascular surgical society Chicago September 2003). CONCLUSION : • Infrainguinal revasularisation surgery has acceptable graft patency and survival rates. • Graft patency rates were not adversely affected by poor runoff vessels, and when there was a reformation of the popliteal artery even when the out flow vessels were not adequately visualized angiographically. • High limb salvage rates when compared to the relatively low graft patency rates explains the collateral formation after bypass procedures. • Femoro popliteal bypass grafting is still treatment of choice where endovascular facilities available for patients with disabling claudicants and in CLI especially with TASC C and D lesions. • Patients with poor conduit quality, active tobacco use and LV dysfunction have poorer clinical outcome • Graft surveillance is essential throughout the life to identify the failing graft and to intervene at appropriate time,to prolong the graft patency. KEY WORDS Infrainguinal revasularisation, Graft surveillance, Graft patency,Conduit, CT angio, Primary Assited Patency