Perturbations of planar algebras

We analyze the effect of pivotal structures (on a 2-category) on the planar algebra associated to a 1-cell as in \cite{Gho08} and come up with the notion of {\em perturbations of planar algebras by weights} (a concept that appeared earlier in Michael Burns' thesis \cite{Bur03}); we establish a one-to-one correspondence between weights and pivotal structures. Using the construction of \cite{Gho08}, to each bifinite bimodule over $II_1$-factors, we associate a {\em bimodule planar algebra} in such a way that extremality of the bimodule corresponds to sphericality of the planar algebra. As a consequence of this, we reproduce an extension of Jones' theorem (\cite{Jon}) (of associating `subfactor planar algebras' to extremal subfactors). Conversely, given a bimodule planar algebra, we construct a bifinite bimodule whose associated bimodule planar algebra is the one which we start with, using perturbations and Jones-Walker-Shlyakhtenko-Kodiyalam-Sunder method of reconstructing an extremal subfactor from a subfactor planar algebra. The perturbation technique helps us to construct an example of a family of non-spherical planar algebras starting from a particular spherical one; we also show that this family is associated to a known family of subfactors constructed by Jones.Comment: 28 page

Physical Metallurgy of Substitution

INDUSTRIAL civilization is largely based on scientitic and technological development in different countries and no country can today remain aloof from scientific and technological development, which take place else where in the world. The industrial complex of develop- ing nations has initially to import machinery and raw materials and even men from industrially advanced countries to gear up their rate of progress, but a stage comes in the growth of their industrial pattern that the import of either the machinery or raw mater- ials is not economically possible specially if the balance of trade is adverse. In this context, develo- pment of substitute alloys has acquired two meanings. It primarily suggests development of new alloys based on metals produced in India and' or using minimum amounts of imported metals. Whenever substitution with indigenous alloys is not possible, its scope may he enlarged to include development of new processes and heat treatment which raise the strength so that util-ization of thinner sections may reduce the cost of import

On various notions of distance between subalgebras of operator algebras

Given any irreducible inclusion \mB \subset \mA of unital $C^*$-algebras with a finite-index conditional expectation E: \mA \to \mB, we show that the set of $E$-compatible intermediate $C^*$-subalgebras is finite, thereby generalizing a finiteness result of Ino and Watatani (from \cite{IW}). A finiteness result for a certain collection of intermediate $C^*$-subalgebras of a non-irreducible inclusion of simple unital $C^*$-algebras is also obtained, which provides a $C^*$-version of a finiteness result of Khoshkam and Mashood (from \cite{KM}). Apart from these finiteness results, comparisons between various notions of distance between subalgebras of operator algebras by Kadison-Kastler, Christensen and Mashood-Taylor are made. Further, these comparisons are used satisfactorily to provide some concrete calculations of distance between operator algebras associated to two distinct subgroups of a given discrete group

DURATION OF CYSTIC DUCT DISSECTION AS AN INDICATOR OF CHALLENGING LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY.

Background: The Tokyo 2018 guidelines recommend investigating quantitative predictors of surgical complexity in laparoscopic cholecystectomy to ensure safe and effective gallbladder removal. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the duration of cystic duct (CD) dissection as a potential indicator of surgical complexity. Materials and Methods: A prospective study with 190 individuals scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy was carried out. Depending on the reason for the cholecystectomy, people were divided into three categories: elective, delayed, and urgent. The study utilized both multinomial logistic regression and multiple linear regression analysis to determine the preoperative and operative predictive variables associated with surgical difficulties. Results: The duration of CD dissection was observed to be 12 minutes, exhibiting a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 99%. The positive predictive value (PPV) was determined to be 100%, while the negative predictive value (NPV) was found to be 1%. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated to be 2.3, indicating a predictive capacity for the utilization of bailout techniques. Conclusion: The duration of cystic duct dissection, regardless of its outcome, serves as a practical indicator for the likelihood of employing bailout procedures and thus predicts the probability of encountering a "Risk/Difficult Cholecystectomy"

Identification of 22 novel mutations in patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) is an autosomal recessive inherited platelet function defect that characterized by reduction in, or absence of, platelet aggregation in response to multiple physiologic agonists. GT is characterized by normal platelet count, prolonged bleeding time, and abnormal clot retraction. The defect is caused by mutations in the genes encoding GPIIb or GPIIIa that result in qualitative or quantitative abnormalities of the platelet membrane GPIIb/IIIa. GT occurs in high frequency in certain ethnic populations with an increased incidence of consanguinity, such as Indians, Iranians, Iraqi Jews, Palastinian and Jordanian Arabs and French gypsies. Forty-five unrelated patients of GT were enrolled in the study to identify the causative molecular defects and also to correlate the genotype with the phenotype. Molecular modeling was performed for the novel missense mutations. The current study identifies 22 novel mutations in these patients. Missense mutations were identified as the defects responsible for most of the GT patients (59%). Even though missense was common, the study concludes that the genetic defect is heterogeneous in nature and difficult to design a DNA marker for carrier detection in GT

Correlation between value of Hba1c and degree of sensorineural hearing loss in type 2 diabetics

Background: Diabetes mellitus and hearing loss are common public health problems. Sensorineural hearing loss in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is an underestimated complication. The aim was to study the correlation between level of HbA1c and degree of sensorineural hearing loss. Methods: It was a cross sectional study carried on 130 known cases of T2DM, aged 25-50 years. Various confounding factors such as coexisting hypertension, ear disease, ototoxic drug intake, any neuropathic disorder was excluded in advance. All patients underwent clinical ear examination and pure tone audiometry test. Their level of HbA1c was measured. This value of HbA1c was correlated with the hearing threshold. Results: Out of 130, 58 subjects had normal hearing while 72 had hearing impairment. Among subjects (72 out of 130) having hearing impairment, significant correlation (p-value 0.035 for right ear and 0.029 for left ear) between hearing threshold and HbA1c was found. Also, level of HbA1c significantly (p-value 0.049) correlated with degree of hearing loss. Conclusions: Hearing loss is an underestimated complication of T2DM. This needs to be addressed with periodic hearing assessment of diabetes patients

ASSOCIATION OF BOOSTING ENERGY WITH PSYCHOSIS AND HYPERTENSION IN AN ADOLESCENT MALE IN INDIA: A CASE REPORT

Energy is a fundamental aspect of human health and well-being, significantly influencing cognitive, physical, and emotional functioning. In recent times, there has been an increasing focus on enhancing energy levels to optimize daily performance and improve overall quality of life. This case report explores the significance of boosting energy in the context of its impact on psychosis and hypertension.In conclusion, caffeine-related psychosis in adolescents deserves attention as an emerging public health concern. A comprehensive understanding of the risk factors and implications of excessive caffeine consumption in this vulnerable population is essential to promote healthier habits and protect adolescent mental health

Bandwidth Enhancement of Different Patch Shaped Antennas

Antenna in wireless communication plays an important role to direct the field in one direction. For different applications there are wide range of antenna. Here microstrip antennas with four different shapes i.e. rectangular, elliptical, bowtie, rectangular with slot, are implemented using Ansoft HFSS. All the antennas are operated at the frequency of 2.45GHz. The bandwidth of rectangular patch antenna, elliptical patch antenna, rectangular slot antenna, bowtie antenna is 24.9MHz, 8.2 MHz, 136.2 MHz and 386.5 MHz respectively. The parameters of antenna like gain, Voltage Standing wave ratio(VSWR) and return loss is presented. It is found that Bowtie antenna gave the best bandwidth amongst them

Evaluation of laryngoscopic view, intubation difficulty and sympathetic response during direct laryngoscopy in sniffing position and simple head extension: a prospective and randomized comparative study

Background: Airway management is critical to the care of patients and direct laryngoscopy is the mainstay of airway management. Despite the proliferation of difficult airway devices, sniffing position for laryngoscopy remains the gold standard and ideal position. This prospective, randomized and single-blind study was done to evaluate and compare the laryngoscopic view, complexity of intubation and sympathetic response during laryngoscopy in sniffing position and simple head extension.Methods: One hundred and twenty patients, aged 20-50 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status 1 and 2 undergoing general anesthesia requiring orotracheal intubation were randomized into two groups. Group A used sniffing position and group B was put in simple head extension. Glottis visualization was assessed using Cormack and Lehane grade and ease of intubation was assessed on intubation difficulty scale. Laryngoscopic sympathetic response in two positions was also assessed.Results: Both the groups were comparable in demographic profiles. Glottic visualization and intubation difficulty score were better and statistically significant in sniffing position as compared to simple head extension. Although, sympathetic response was lower in sniffing position as compared to simple head extension, it was statistically insignificant.Conclusion: Sniffing position provided better glottis visualization and intubation difficulty score and increased the success rate of intubation as compared to simple head extension.