Optimizing Performance of at-grade Intersection with Bus Rapid Transit Corridor and Heterogeneous Traffic

ABSTRACTBus Rapid Transit (BRT) has emerged as a preferred mode of public transport in various countries all over the world for its cost effectiveness in construction as well as in operation and maintenance. The rapid transit feature of BRT is seen as a solution to many traffic problems in these countries. However, in developing countries like India, the right -of-way for most of the roads is restricted and traffic is heterogeneous in nature. Provision of BRT in existing right -of-way reduces the capacity available for other motorized traffic. As the buses travel with a certain frequency on dedicated bus- ways, the dedicated corridor remains unused for most of the period when other traffic on motorized vehicle (MV) lanes suffers from congestion. The problem gets severe at intersections. However, if buses are operated in mixed traffic it is no more rapid transit. Hence, a solution is required to address this problem and optimize the performance of traffic as a whole. This paper presents the effect if dedicated bus-ways end at a reasonable distance before the stop line at a busy signalized at-grade intersection, and bus lanes (beyond that) are made available to all the motorized vehicular traffic (heterogeneous traffic) at intersection. The performance evaluation is done in terms of average queue length, maximum queue length, average delay time per vehicle, vehicle throughput, average speed in network and emission of Carbon monoxide CO, mono-nitrogen oxides NOx and Volatile organic compounds (VOC). It is observed that availability of bus lanes to other motorized traffic for a reasonable distance before intersection considerably reduces the average queue length, maximum queue length, average delay time per vehicle and emission per vehicle, while there is an increase in vehicle throughput and average speed of all the vehicles in the network. Thus it results in reduction of congestion and performance enhancement of at-grade intersections and network. Results of investigation are relevant in international context. VISSIM, a microscopic simulation tool, is used to model the heterogeneous traffic and public transit lines under constraints of roadway geometry, vehicle characteristics, driving behaviour and traffic controls. The effect is investigated with different random seeds to obtain reasonable results for analysis

Effect of Turning Lane at Busy Signalized At-Grade Intersection under Mixed Traffic in India

Traffic congestion on urban roads has become a serious concern, particularly, at intersections. The performance of an intersection controls the performance of urban roads meeting at that intersection. The paper presents the effect of addition of turning lane in the middle of approach road at busy signalized at-grade intersection, narrowing the width of all lanes to keep total road width the same, in heterogeneous traffic. The traffic at intersection comprises both of vehicles and pedestrians. Their interactions along with signal cycle decide the efficiency of an intersection. A microscopic simulation tool VISSIM, has been used to model the heterogeneous (mixed) traffic under constraints of roadway geometry, vehicle characteristics, driving behaviour and traffic controls. The effect is investigated with different random seeds to obtain reasonable results for analysis. The performance evaluation is done in terms of vehicle throughput, average queue length, maximum queue length, average delay time per vehicle, average speed and emission of Carbon monoxide CO, mono-nitrogen oxides NOx, Volatile organic compounds (VOC) etc. It has been observed that on adding turning lane in the middle, of approach road the average queue length, maximum queue length, average delay time per vehicle and emission per vehicle get considerably reduced, while there is an increase in vehicle throughput and average speed of all the vehicles. The results reported in this paper clearly shows that addition of turning lane in existing intersection can reduce congestion considerably, enhancing performance of intersections and network

Lamellar multilayer hexadecylaniline-modified gold nanoparticle films deposited by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique

Organization of hexadecylaniline (HDA)-modified colloidal gold particles at the air-water interface and the formation thereafter of lamellar, multilayer films of gold nanoparticles by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique is described in this paper. Formation of HDA-capped gold nanoparticles is accomplished by a simple biphasic mixture experiment wherein the molecule hexadecylaniline present in the organic phase leads to electrostatic complexation and reduction of aqueous chloroaurate ions, capping of the gold nanoparticles thus formed and phase transfer of the now hydrophobic particles into the organic phase. Organization of gold nanoparticles at the air-water interface is followed by surface pressure-area isotherm measurements while the formation of multilayer films of the nanoparticles by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique is monitored by quartz crystal microgravimetry, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy