Who or What Really Counts in a Firm’s Stakeholder Environment: An Investigation of Stakeholder Prioritization and Reporting

Following the line of thinking that a firm is a nexus of contracts between stakeholders, with managers as “the central node” (Hills and Jones, 1992), this study examined how managers prioritize stakeholder relationships and to what extent firms engage in voluntary disclosure with the stakeholder group they deem to be important. Data was simultaneously collected from two different national business contexts, Italy and the US. Results of the study show that the power, legitimacy, and urgency that managers associate with various stakeholder groups cumulatively determine how they go about prioritizing competing stakeholder claims. The results also provide evidence to the effect that the more importance a firm attaches to a stakeholder group, the greater the level of interaction between the firm and the stakeholder group, as evidenced in the information reported by the firm in its disclosures.Stakeholder management, voluntary disclosures, cross-cultural differences, stakeholder engagement, prioritizing stakeholder claims, stakeholder dialogue

Impressive of Periodic and Insecticides on Leucinodes orbonalis Infestation on Solanum melongena

Six insecticides, namely Cypermethrin, Dimethoate, Carbaryl, Diflubenzuron, Neem and Bacillus thuringiensis (dipel) were tried against brinjal shoot, fruit borer and seed yield. Among them Cypermethrin, and Dimethoate were found to be the most effective in reducing the damage of shoot, fruits, and seed yield and thereby increasing the yield of brinjal fruits. In the present investigation, the shoot damage due to B.t. + diflubenzuron, B.t. + carbaryl was 8.52 and 6.84 percent in 2021- 22 and 9.93 and 9.45 in 2022-23 respectively, while the shoot infestation in control was 12.07 and 13.96 percent respectively, while B.t.alone proved to be very less against the shoot borer.  Fruit infestation on both weight and number basis was minimum due to the treatment of B.T. application at transplanting followed by a combined application of B.T. + cypermethrin and B.T. + dimethoate. It might be due to that chemical pesticidal act as stressors and are frequently synergistic when combined with microorganisms such as Bacillus thuringienses

The Image of Woman in Hindi Fiction: An Outline of Krishna Sobti’s Select Novels in Translation

Krishna Sobti’s all novels are unique. Each has different characters with different set of issues. She is a class in herself when it comes to portrayal of women characters. Woman, undoubtedly is an architect of herself, her individuality as an imaginative being. Her discourse in the novels of Sobti has been balancing. Most of the times, Sobti woman is a strong rebellion of her silence. Her discourse and attitudes are a challenge not only to marginalised position but also their repressed individuality and suppressed desires. Wherever and whenever they raise their voice, their discourse obtains unique identity and recognition. This paper talks about the image of woman in Hindi fiction in general and in the novels of Krishna Sobti in particular. Her three translated novels, to Hell with You Mitro (2007), Sunflower of the Dark (2008), and Memory’s Daughter (2007) have discussed. Sobti presents panoramic image of woman in her novel which have been unmatched hitherto. Her women characters are rebellious, submissive, timid, outspoken, sexually passionate, courtesan, widows, single parent, rape victims, so called Sati-Savitri, stereotype, archetype and many other kinds. She proves herself as the representative fiction writer of Hindi literature

DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF BUSPIRONE LOADED IN SITU NANOEMULSION GEL

Objective: Buspirone, is a medication primarily used for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), relieve symptoms of anxiety and unipolar depression. This drug exhibit low bioavailability (approximately 5%) due to extensive first-pass metabolism and non-targeted delivery results in numerous side effects. It is taken by mouth, and it may take up to four weeks to have an effect. The present investigation aimed at the development of buspirone in situ nanoemulsion gel to evaluate its potential for efficacious nose to brain drug delivery. Methods: Buspirone-loaded nanoemulsions (BNEs) were prepared by aqueous titration (Spontaneous emulsification) method using Oleic acid, Tween 80, and PEG 400 as oil, surfactant and cosurfactant respectively. The NEs (FC1-FC8) were characterized for pharmaceutical characteristics (Appearance, thermodynamic stability, polydispersity index (PDI) value, globule size, pH, Viscosity, Conductivity and Refractive index). In vitro drug release study from nanoemulsions (NEs) was carried out using Keshary–Chien cell (KC cell, 25 ml) in phosphate buffer pH 5.5. Results: Formulation FC5 with mean globule size of 105.4±1.10 nm, PDI value 0.230±0.01 and drug release 90±0.39% in 6 h (h) was developed as mucoadhesive nanoemulsion gel formulation with 17.5 % W/W of Pluronic F127. The nanoemulsion gel was homogenous, transparent, and possessed a bioadhesive strength of 1605 Dyne/cm2. In vitro cumulative drug release was found to be 90.00±0.39 % at the end of 6 h. Conclusion: The gel had no effect on the structural integrity of nasal mucosa. Hence, the study postulates that In situ nanoemulsion gel of buspirone could be used as an intranasal formulation for targeted brain delivery via nasal route

Examining the Market Orientation-Performance Relationship: A Context-Specific Study

This study developed a comprehensive measure of market orientation and examined the market orientation-performance relationship in the health care industry. A survey of 159 hospitals yielded a strong positive relationship between market orientation and various measures of organizational performance. Additionally, the study found that market turbulence, competitive hostility, and supplier power moderated the market orientation-performance relationship.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68689/2/10.1177_014920639802400204.pd

Market Orientation And Performance: Does Organizational Strategy Matter?

Data from a survey of 159 hospitals was used to test the relationship between market orientation and firm performance for low cost and differentiation strategies. Hospitals pursuing a differentiation strategy had stronger market orientation than those pursuing a cost leadership strategy. Market orientation had a more positive impact on the performance of organizations pursuing a differentiation strategy than on those pursuing a cost leadership strategy. In the cost leader group, the inter-functional coordination component of market orientation significantly affected firm performance, while in the differentiator group the customer orientation and competitor orientation components of market orientation had significant impact on performance. The implications of these findings for managers also are discussed

A Study on the effect of tamsulosin in ureteric stent related morbidity.

INTRODUCTION : Urolithiasis is a very common problem, and the challenges that it has posed has been instrumental in devising various means to tackle the stone burden. With the advent of technology every passing day has seen innovations that has lead to better stone clearance in every individual patient. Since the time H Young1 had attempted his first cystoscopy, efforts were always being made to access the urinary tract efficiently and with lesser morbidity as possible. The inventions like semirigid and flexible ureteroscopes all of which, were an extension of the technology available at the time like rod lens system and fibre-optics systems. With better access, visualization and stone fragmenting techniques, endourological procedures have become a mainstay in treatment of stone diseases. As with advances in vogue at that time, ureteric stents have undergone dynamic evolution in a constant search for the ideal design and material and in a bid to surpass or in the least reduce the symptoms associated with it. Despite the vast evidence supporting non stented ureteroscopies, worldwide many urologists still prefer to place stents in majority of uncomplicated stone removal procedures in a bid to improve drainage ,stone clearance and clear residual fragments and avoid ureteric stricture. Ureteric stents are associated with a wide spectrum of symptoms thereby producing considerable morbidity ranging from 80 to 98% and the discomfort caused varies from patient to patient. The symptoms produced by the stent are predominantly irritative in nature and seems to produce significant bother so as to affect the quality of life of the patient, warranting removal in some cases. AIM OF THE STUDY : 1) To evaluate ureteric stent related morbidity. 2) To evaluate the effect of Tamsulosin in ureteral stent related morbidity. MATERIALS AND METHODS : This is a prospective study conducted from February 2013 to January 2014 at Government Stanley Hospital . A total of 180 patients were enrolled in his study after following the exclusion and inclusion criteria. They are as follows Inclusion Criteria: a) Patients undergoing semirgid ureteroscopy with DJ stenting . b) Only patients with uncomplicated ureteric calculi. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with growth in Urine culture or having symptomatic urinary tract infection. 2. Patients who may need bilateral stent insertion for acute obstruction / obstructive uropathy. 3. Male patients with history of prostatic enlargement, prostatitis or prostatic cancer related lower urinary tract symptoms. 4. Females with lower urinary tract symptoms related to any form of urinary incontinence, uterine/cervical/vaginal prolapse, or obstruction related to malignancy. 5. History of chronic or recent α-blocker or analgesic drug use were excluded. 6. Pregnancy, 7. Bleeding disorders, 8. Patients with concomitant other lower tract pathology like bladder cancer, bladder outlet obstruction with or without stones, urethral stricture. 9. Patients with simultaneous renal calculus. 10. Patients who underwent open surgery for ureteric calculi previously. CONCLUSION : Stenting the ureters following endourologic procedures though being done routinely is not without its problems. It is most commonly associated with considerable symptoms, like irritative voiding symptoms, pain and bother so much, that it affects the quality of life of the patient significantly. The quantum of pain, irritative symptoms and afflicted quality of life which the patient is put through should be borne in mind and carefully weighed against the benefits they might provide and the decision should be individualized in each patient every time. In such cases where stenting is being done ,the patient should be given the benefit of having the stent and at the same time his symptoms should be alleviated by the judicial use of tablet tamsulosin 0.4mg once daily for 14 days. Stent related morbidity is an entity in itself, and the influence of α adrenergic receptor blockers like Tamsulosin over the irritative symptoms is significant due to the distrbution of the α1A and α1D in the lower tract of the urinary system

Risk factors, microbiological findings and outcomes of necrotizing fasciitis in New Zealand: a retrospective chart review

BackgroundThe incidence and mortality from necrotizing fasciitis (NF) are increasing in New Zealand (NZ). Triggered by a media report that traditional Samoan tattooing was causing NF, we conducted a chart review to investigate the role of this and other predisposing and precipitating factors and to document NF microbiology, complications and interventions in NZ. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of 299 hospital charts of patients discharged with NF diagnosis codes in eight hospitals in NZ between 2000 and 2006. We documented and compared by ethnicity the prevalence of predisposing and precipitating conditions, bacteria isolated, complications and interventions used. ResultsOut of 299 charts, 247 fulfilled the case definition. NF was most common in elderly males. Diabetes was the most frequent co-morbid condition, followed by obesity. Nearly a quarter of patients were taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Traditional Samoan tattooing was an uncommon cause. Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were the two commonly isolated bacteria. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was implicated in a relatively small number of cases. Shock, renal failure, coagulation abnormality and multi-organ dysfunction were common complications. More than 90% of patients underwent surgical debridement, 56% were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) and slightly less than half of all patients had blood product transfusion. One in six NF cases had amputations and 23.5% died. ConclusionThis chart review found that the highest proportion of NF cases was elderly males with co-morbidities, particularly diabetes and obesity. Tattooing was an uncommon precipitating event. The role of NSAID needs further exploration. NF is a serious disease with severe complications, high case fatality and considerable use of health care resources. <br /