The epigenetic control of E-box and Myc-dependent chromatin modifications regulate the licensing of lamin B2 origin during cell cycle

Recent genome-wide mapping of the mammalian replication origins has suggested the role of transcriptional regulatory elements in origin activation. However, the nature of chromatin modifications associated with such trans-factors or epigenetic marks imprinted on cis-elements during the spatio-temporal regulation of replication initiation remains enigmatic. To unveil the molecular underpinnings, we studied the human lamin B2 origin that spatially overlaps with TIMM 13 promoter. We observed an early G1-specific occupancy of c-Myc that facilitated the loading of mini chromosome maintenance protein (MCM) complex during subsequent mid-G1 phase rather stimulating TIMM 13 gene expression. Investigations on the Myc-induced downstream events suggested a direct interaction between c-Myc and histone methyltransferase mixed-lineage leukemia 1 that imparted histone H3K4me3 mark essential for both recruitment of acetylase complex HBO1 and hyperacetylation of histone H4. Contemporaneously, the nucleosome remodeling promoted the loading of MCM proteins at the origin. These chromatin modifications were under the tight control of active demethylation of E-box as evident from methylation profiling. The active demethylation was mediated by the Ten-eleven translocation (TET)-thymine DNA glycosylase-base excision repair (BER) pathway, which facilitated spatio-temporal occupancy of Myc. Intriguingly, the genome-wide 43% occurrence of E-box among the human origins could support our hypothesis that epigenetic control of E-box could be a molecular switch for the licensing of early replicating origins

A CLINICAL STUDY OF AO CANNULATED CANCELLOUS SCREWS FIXATION FOR GARDEN’S TYPE I AND TYPE II FRACTURE NECK OF FEMUR IN YOUNG ADULTS

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to study the functional outcome of surgically managed type I and II fracture neck of the femur by AO cannulated cancellous screws in young adults. Methods: A prospective study of 20 cases of type I and II Garden’s fracture neck of femur in young adults managed surgically by AO cannulated cancellous screws fixation in Chigateri Government Hospital and Bapuji Hospital, between September 2014 and September 2016 satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria which were studied. The functional outcome was evaluated using the Modified Harris hip scoring system. Results: In our study, we achieved 85% excellent results, 10% good, and 5% fair results. We had 95% satisfactory results in terms of the functional outcome. The results were comparable to other studies. Conclusion: Intracapsular fracture neck of femur in young adults treated surgically by closed reduction and 6.5 mm AO cannulated cancellous screw fixation gave excellent to good functional outcome in 95%. Hence, this would be the best procedure for intracapsular fracture neck of the femur, and this is going to stay for an extended period in orthopedic practice

KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS ABOUT ORAL CANCER AMONG UNDERGRADUATE DENTAL STUDENTS

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the knowledge and awareness about oral cancer among undergraduate dental students.Methods: A validated questionnaire of 10 questions, regarding the basic knowledge and awareness about oral cancer was distributed among the3rd year, final year, and internship (5 year trainee) of undergraduate dental program in Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University,Chennai. The data extracted were tabulated, statistically analyzed, and results obtained.thResults: About 41% of participants were unaware about the treatment costs for oral cancer and 33% of them said that they do not inform the patientsabout the risk factors of oral cancer. 36% of participants were unsure about where to refer the patients with oral cancer. 96% of students preferred tohave more training toward oral cancer diagnosis methods and treatment options available.Conclusion: Although the basic knowledge of the students is good, it is not adequate enough and practices about risk factors had to be reinforcedamong these students so that they can help the patients in tobacco and alcohol cessation and contribute in the prevention of oral cancers. The dentalcurriculum for students should lay more emphasis on diagnostic and prognostic factors of oral cancer. Morbidity and mortality are likely to be reducedif future dentists know how to prevent and detect oral cancer.Keywords: Knowledge, Awareness, Oral cancer, Dental students

Management of pelvic fractures in dog

Pelvic fractures are common sequelae of major traumatic injury of dogs and cat which, comprise of at least 25% of all fractures in veterinary practice (Piermattei et al., 2006). Fracture of ilium, the most common fracture seen in the pelvis account for 46% of all pelvic fracture (Henry, 1985; De Camp, 2005). Whereas, acetabular fracture comprises 12 % of pelvic fractures in dogs (De Camp, 2005). In smaller dogs, most of the pelvic fractures recover without surgery. But immediate surgery is required within 72 hours if the fracture is unstable (Harasen, 2007). We hereby report the successful surgical management of unstable fracture of ilium and ischium of pelvis in a Spitz dog

Synthesis and Preliminary Pharmacological Evaluation of 2-[4-(Aryl substituted) piperazin-1-yl]-Nphenylacetamides: Potential Antipsychotics

Purpose: Arylpiperazines have been recognized as the largest and most diverse class of compounds exerting actions on the central nervous system with strong affinity for serotonin and dopamine receptors. We here report the synthesis of some novel arylpiperazines and their evaluation for possible antipsychotic properties.Methods: The target compounds 2-[4-(aryl substituted) piperazin-1-yl]-N-phenylacetamides (3a-j) were synthesized by first reacting aniline (1) in 2 N sodium hydroxide with chloroacetylchloride in dichloromethane to obtain 2-chloro-N-phenylacetamide (2) and subsequently treating with appropriatephenylpiperazine in acetonitrile in the presence of K2CO3 and KI. All the compounds were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic methods. The compounds were evaluated for antipsychotic activity using three animal models.Results: All the 10 new arylpipeazines showed variable antipsychotic activity with compound 3h being the least effective in the induction of catalepsy. Their effect may involve interaction with 5-HT2A and D2 receptors.Conclusion: A synthetic method and possible antipsychotic effect have been established for 2-[4-(Aryl substituted) piperazin-1-yl]-N-phenylacetamides.Keywords: N-phenylacetamide, Arylpiperazines, Antipsychotic activity, 5-HT2A, D2 antagonists

ALTERNATIVE HERBAL DRUGS USED FOR TREATING HAIR DISEASE

Objective: The main objective of present study is to treat Alopecia. Alopecia areata is an unpredictable hair-loss condition. Alopecia is a dermatological disorder with psychosocial implications on patients with hair loss. Herbal systems of medicine have become increasingly popular in recent years. Medicinal plants have been used for the treatment of hair diseases since antiquity. Herbs such as turmeric, fenugreek, ginger, Cyperus rotundus (Nagarmotha), and holy basil are integral parts of ayurvedic formulations. Cyperus rotundus is a well-known ayurvedic herb with purported claims of hair growth promotion. Methods: Extracts are prepared by separating the soluble matter from vegetable tissues by the application of a suitable solvent such as alcohol, water, or ether. The resultant liquid is concentrated by evaporation to obtain a liquid extract or concentrated almost to dryness to obtain the solid extract and its volatile oil. Hair formulation of Cyperus rotundus belonging to family Cyperaceae in the form of herbal formulation (5% herbal cream and oil) was studied and it showed excellent hair growth activity with standard (2% minoxidil ethanolic solution) in Wister albino rats. Results: Hair growth initiation time was significantly reduced to half on treatment with the oil, as compared to control animals. The hair growth promoting effect was evaluated against the control, standard, and test animals at 0, 10, 15, and 20 days with the formulated hair oil and hair cream prepared from the volatile oil extracted from the Cyperus rotundus and the significant hair growth was observed, and the growth was compared with the standard drug used 2% solution of minoxidil. Conclusion: The results of treatment with oil were better than the positive control minoxidil 2% treatment. It holds the promise of potent herbal alternative for minoxidil. Keywords: Alopecia areata, Cyperus rotundus, Hair growth, Extracts, Herbal creams, Hair oil, Hair formulation, Ayurvedic, Cyperaceae.  ORCID iD: - http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0439-606

Joint Forest Planning and Management (JFPM) in the Eastern Plains Region of Karnataka: A Rapid Assessment

Over the past decade Joint Forest Management (JFM) has become the key concept through which forest generation activities are being implemented in most parts of India. This study was a rapid independent assessment of the JFPM activities conducted by Karnataka Forest department under a massive loan from the Japanese Bank for International Co-operation, focusing on the northern and southern maidan regions. The assessment used data from various sources at different scales and depth, including macro-level data gathered by the department itself, responses to a mail-in questionnaire, observations from brief field visits to a number of villages, and from in-depth case studies in a few villages. The study uncovered several lacunae in the way JFPM was being undertaken. Many of the basic tenets of ‘joint planning and management’ like consultation with villagers and setting up of Village Forest Committees (VFCs) are being violated from the outset. The selection of villages has been poor. Most VFCs exist in name only with poor participation of the village general body.Some of the lacunae in JFPM implementation are due to lacunae in the basic framework for JFPM. It is also true that the Eastern Plains region presents special challenges to JFPM implementation. But genuine JFPM is generally absent even in pockets where favourable conditions exist. On the contrary, the few ‘success’ stories are often cases of exploiting existing hierarchies to meet narrowly defined goals. Thus, the major cause of the poor quality of JFPM processes and outcomes is the refusal of the implementation agency to seriously commit itself to the concept of participatory, people-oriented forestry

Effect of vermicompost on manifestation of pesticide action on growth of Zinnia elegans

In order to asses the implication of endosulfan in the soil amended with vermicompost, Zinnia elegans (Family Asteraceae) was grown, under strict laboratory conditions. Seed germination, size of internode, total length of the plant, leaf area of the plant, tufts of rootlets, which emerged, were measured and recorded. Vermicompost at a concentration of 12.5% was used as source of amendment; treatment was made with endosulfan the concentration of which ranged from 2.5, 5 and 7.5% respectively. From the data obtained after 4 days of treatment, it appeared that the addition of endosulfan in plain soil (7.5%), affects germination to negative value. Reduced germination and plant growth even during prolonged treatment (up to 9 days) was noticed during treatment with 2.5 and 5% of endosulfan. In a soil amended with vermicompost, however, germination to total length of the plant was found to increase quite considerably. This trend has continued, even during extended period of treatment. The entire texture of the plant was found to change to a healthier look in the presence of vermicompost. Better growth of the plant, larger number of rootlets, and bigger leaf area, can be suggested to be additive role of vermicompost on growth and development of Zinnia elegans. This also indicated possible involvement of the plant in remediation of pesticide endosulfan. On this account, Z. elegans like related members of this family can be considered as a candidate involved in remediation of pesticides from polluted soilKey word: Vermicompost, endosulfan, Zinnia elegans