Investigation of anti-arthritic potential of Acacia torta (roxb.) craib

Background: Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib, traditionally used in respiratory, circulatory, digestive, musculo-skeletal, skin diseases etc., Numerous plants of this genus have been used in folk medicine to treat stomach pain, cough, diarrhoea, piles, sore-throat; as astringent, antipyretic, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antiviral, anti-oxidant and as anti-hypertensive. Hence, the present study was aimed to investigate the anti‐arthritic potential of Acacia Torta (Roxb.) Craib, since, systematic study of this plant has not been carried out.Methods: Ethanol and water were used to prepare stem extract by soxhlet extraction method. The extract is evaluated by using Freund’s complete adjuvant induced arthritis in albino wistar rats at the dose of 100mg/kg/p.o. and 400mg/kg/p.o. and indomethacin at 10mg/kg were used for the study.Results: The hydro alcoholic extract of the stem Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib in crude form contains phytoconstituents like saponins, tannins, steroids, and triterpenes. The reference standard, Indomethacin at the dose of 10 mg/kg showed significant inhibition of paw edema by 71.61% (P <0.001), as compared to the vehicle control. Treatment with the hydro alcoholic extract of stem Acacia Torta at doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg caused significant inhibition of paw edema by 59.26% (P <0.001) and 69.14% (P <0.001) respectively, was observed on 21st day, as compared to the vehicle control.Conclusions: The data obtained from the present study indicated that several factors may contribute to the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of hydro alcohol extract of the stem Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib. adjuvant induced arthritis showed inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis might be the major mechanism by which the hydro alcoholic extract of the stem Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib exerts anti-inflammatory and arthritic activity

ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF STEM BARK ESSENTIAL OIL CONSTITUENTS OF LITSEA GLUTINOSA C. B. ROB.

Objective: To evaluate the chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of stem bark essential oil of Litsea glutinosa C. B. Rob.Methods: The essential oil isolated from stem bark of L. glutinosa and their chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detector. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the stem bark essential oil was investigated against eight human pathogenic bacterial clinical isolates using agar disc diffusion method and MIC value was determined by modified resazurin microtitre-plate assay. The antioxidant activity of essential oil was measured by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2, 2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate radical cation (ABTS) and β-carotene bleaching assay.Results: GC-MS analysis of stem bark essential oil resulted in the identification of 37 compounds, off which 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (62.57%), hexadecanoic acid (12.68%), stigmast-5-en-3-ol (6.87%) and vitamin E (2.51%) were the main constituents representing 84.63% of the oil. The determination of in vitro antibacterial activity of stem bark essential oil resulted in significant inhibition zone (15.00±0.57 mm) and MIC value (0.15±0.15×10-2 mg/ml) against the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio cholera followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi. The results of DPPH radical scavenging (IC50:4.540±0.06 µg/ml), ABTS (IC50:256.02±0.06 µg/ml) and β-carotene bleaching assay (%I: 78.51±0.42 %) showed significant in vitro antioxidant property.Conclusion: L. glutinosa stem bark essential oil showed potential antibacterial activity against the Vibrio cholera. The results of this investigation supported the ethnomedical claim of essential oil as a demulcent, antidiarrheal and antioxidant drug

EFFECT OF ANHEDRAL AND DIHEDRAL ON THE LATERAL DIRECTIONAL STATIC STABILITY OF THE AIRCRAFT

Developments and advancements in Aircraft industry have led to an increasing the stability and maneuverability of an aircraft. When the aircraft subjected to unbalanced force it needs the suitable wing to overcome the side slip and maneuverability of an aircraft. This work proposed a Dihedral and Anhedral wing simulation in XFLR5 software to increase the stability and maneuverability of an aircraft. XFLR5 analysis was then carried out for Dihedral and anhedral angles of 5deg, 10deg ,with side slip angles 2deg and 5deg. The aerofoil used in wing is NACA 4412 and in tail is 0009..Lateral-Directional Static Stability of 5,10 deg of both anhedral and dihedral wings are analyzed. The graphs are plotted between co-efficient of rolling moment and side slip angle ; co-efficient of yawing moment and side slip angle. The simulation is done in a free stream velocity of 60 m/s and inviscid flow. Anhedral is a negative dihedral angle .The anhedral reduces the dihedral effect bringing the wing\u27s roll characteristics into a more desirable performance envelope while keeping it stable yet maneuverable.Dihedral is the upward angle of an aircraft\u27s wings, which increases lateral stability in a bank by causing the lower wing to fly at a higher angle of attack than the higher wing

A comparative study of dexmedetomidine versus clonidine in epidural anaesthesia to assess the level of sedation in patients undergoing lower abdominal and lower limb surgery

Background: To compare study of dexmedetomidine versus clonidine in epidural anesthesia to assess the level of sedation in patients undergoing lower abdominal and lower limb surgery.Methods: This was a comparative study conducted on admitted ASA grade I and II patients undergoing lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries. The patients were divided into three groups of 30 patients each, according to the epidural medication they received:-Group A-received 15ml of bupivacaine (0.5%) and dexmedetomidine (1.0µg/kg body weight) in 1ml of normal saline; Group B-received 15ml of bupivacaine (0.5%) and clonidine (2.0µg/kg body weight) in 1ml of normal saline; Group C-received 15ml of bupivacaine (0.5%) with 1ml of normal saline. The heart rate, blood pressure, sensory dermatome level, Motor blocked level, pain and VAS were recorded at different time intervals. The side effects were also noted.Results: The baseline parameters were comparable among the groups. All the hemodynamic parameters and other study parameters were similar at Min. 0. All the hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure and SpO2 were variable at different time intervals. Motor block level   was significantly (p<0.05) lower in Group C than Group A and Group B from Min 50 to Min 90. The sedation score was observed to be nil in Group C. The post-op pain score became higher in Group C than Group A and Group B at subsequent time intervals. A 3 (10%) of the rescue agents was observed in Group C. Atropine (30%) and mephenteramine (10%) were common rescue agents in Group B. The bradycardia was observed in 30% patients of Group B and in 40% of Group A.Conclusions: On addition of dexmedetomidine as adjuvant to bupivacaine in epidural anesthesia provides better anesthesia and sedation than clonidine as adjuvant to bupivacaine or bupivacaine alone with mild hemodynamic changes which are easily manageable

Activation of the RpoN-RpoS regulatory pathway during the enzootic life cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The maintenance of <it>Borrelia burgdorferi </it>in its complex tick-mammalian enzootic life cycle is dependent on the organism's adaptation to its diverse niches. To this end, the RpoN-RpoS regulatory pathway in <it>B. burgdorferi </it>plays a central role in microbial survival and Lyme disease pathogenesis by up- or down-regulating the expression of a number of virulence-associated outer membrane lipoproteins in response to key environmental stimuli. Whereas a number of studies have reported on the expression of RpoS and its target genes, a more comprehensive understanding of when activation of the RpoN-RpoS pathway occurs, and when induction of the pathway is most relevant to specific stage(s) in the life cycle of <it>B. burgdorferi</it>, has been lacking.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Herein, we examined the expression of <it>rpoS </it>and key lipoprotein genes regulated by RpoS, including <it>ospC</it>, <it>ospA</it>, and <it>dbpA</it>, throughout the entire tick-mammal infectious cycle of <it>B. burgdorferi</it>. Our data revealed that transcription of <it>rpoS</it>, <it>ospC</it>, and <it>dbpA </it>is highly induced in nymphal ticks when taking a blood meal. The RpoN-RpoS pathway remains active during the mammalian infection phase, as indicated by the sustained transcription of <it>rpoS </it>and <it>dbpA </it>in <it>B. burgdorferi </it>within mouse tissues following borrelial dissemination. However, <it>dbpA </it>transcription levels in fed larvae and intermolt larvae suggested that an additional layer of control likely is involved in the expression of the <it>dbpBA </it>operon. Our results also provide further evidence for the downregulation of <it>ospA </it>expression during mammalian infection, and the repression of <it>ospC </it>at later phases of mammalian infection by <it>B. burgdorferi</it>.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our study demonstrates that the RpoN-RpoS regulatory pathway is initially activated during the tick transmission of <it>B. burgdorferi </it>to its mammalian host, and is sustained during mammalian infection.</p

Fresnel zone plate telescopes for X-ray imaging II: numerical simulations with parallel and diverging beams

We present the results of simulations of shadows cast by a zone plate telescope which may have one to four pairs of zone plates. From the shadows we reconstruct the images under various circumstances. We discuss physical basis of the resolution of the telescope and demonstrate this by our simulations. We allow the source to be at a finite distance (diverging beam) as well as at an infinite distance (parallel beam) and show that the resolution is worsened when the source is nearby. By reconstructing the zone plates in a way that both the zone plates subtend the same solid angles at the source, we obtain back high resolution even for sources at a finite distance. We present simulated results for the observation of the galactic center and show that the sources of varying intensities may be reconstructed with accuracy. Results of these simulations would be of immense use in interpreting the X-ray images from recently launched CORONAS-PHOTON satellite.Comment: 17 pages, 36 figures, Published in Experimental Astronom

A STUDY OF RECOVERY FROM GENERAL ANAESTHESIA AFTER PREOPERATIVE ADMINISTRATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL

ABSTRACT Antimicrobials are used prophylactily in any major surgery to cover perioperative wound infection and other infectious complication ,that may have interaction with muscle relaxant used for general anesthesia and the aim of our study is drug interaction and behavioural response of newly introduced antibiotics used with rocuronium. Gentamicin shortened onset and duration of block after intubating dose of rocuronium and also prolonged duration of extubation after last dose of rocuronium where as meropenem and ceftriaxone did not alter onset, duration and recovery characterstics of rocuronium. . From our study we can conclude that meropenem and ceftriaxone but not gentamicin, can be used safely during general anesthesia. The near ideal muscle relaxant must span the range of short, intermediate and long acting duration (as required by surgical procedure),have rapid onset, be highly metabolized, have no cumulative or cardiovascular effect, to be independent of kidney for elimination, and be easily antagonized. The most commonly used clinical agentsatracurium, doxacurium, vecuronium, pancuronium and pipecuronium-demonstrate some, but not all, of these properties. KEYWORDS : Rocuronium bromide is a relatively new nondepolarizing muscle relaxant. It is the first of these agents to have an onset time possibly as brief as that of suxamethonium without adverse side effect. Rocuronium bromide is mono-quaternary, aminosteroidal, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with a rapid onset of actio