Extremely large size VSD with pulmonary stenosis

Defect in the ventricular septum with obstruction to right ventricular outflow tract encompass a wide anatomic, physiological & clinical spectrum. Large ventricular septal defects occur with pulmonary stenosis that varies from mild to severe to complete (pulmonary atresia). Very large VSD (size 6.4cm, in our case) with severe PS is a rare CHD & without surgical correction only 10% patients can survive beyond 20 year of age. With the help of noninvasive investigation (echocardiography) we can diagnose CHD very easily

Gain–of–Function Genetic Models to Study FSH Action

Follicle–stimulating hormone (FSH) is a pituitary-derived gonadotropin that plays key roles in male and female reproduction. The physiology and biochemistry of FSH have been extensively studied for many years. Beginning in the early 1990s, coincident with advances in the then emerging transgenic animal technology, and continuing till today, several gain-of-function (GOF) models have been developed to understand FSH homeostasis in a physiological context. Our group and others have generated a number of FSH ligand and receptor GOF mouse models. An FSH GOF model when combined with Fshb null mice provides a powerful genetic rescue platform. In this chapter, we discuss different GOF models for FSH synthesis, secretion and action and describe additional novel genetic models that could be developed in the future to further refine the existing models

Stoichiometry control of sputtered CuCl thin films: Influence on ultraviolet emission properties

We demonstrate that the chemical composition of the sputtered CuCl thin films could be finely controlled by adjusting the bias to the substrate. The films deposited without any intentional bias were Cl rich (CuCl1+x), a bias of −22 V yielded stoichiometric CuCl, and a further increase in the negative bias resulted in Cl deficient films (CuCl1−x). The crystalline and optical properties were found to be associated with the chemical composition. Cl rich films showed a deep level green emission at around 515 nm in addition to ultraviolet (UV) excitonic emission. The stoichiometric films have higher optical quality, exhibiting a sharp UV emission at around 385 nm at room temperature, compared to nonstoichiometric samples. Visible luminescence related to deep level defects was not observed in the stoichiometric films. Changes in energy of the flux from the target and the subsequent ion bombardment on the substrate surface are correlated with the variations in chemical composition and their impact on the film microstructure and UV emission

Activity of radon (222Rn) in the lower atmospheric surface layer of a typical rural site in south India

Analysis of one year measurements of in situ radon (222Rn) and its progenies along with surface air temperature, relative humidity and pressure near to the Earth’s surface has been carried out for the first time at the National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL, 13.5∘N and 79.2∘E) located in a rural site in Gadanki, south India. The dataset was analysed to understand the behaviour of radon in relation to the surface air temperature and relative humidity at a rural site. It was observed that over a period of the 24 hours in a day, the activity of radon and its progenies reaches a peak in the morning hours followed by a remarkable decrease in the afternoon hours. Relatively, a higher concentration of radon was observed at NARL during fair weather days, and this can be attributed to the presence of rocky hills and dense vegetation surrounding the site. The high negative correlation between surface air temperature and activity of radon (R = – 0.70, on an annual scale) suggests that dynamical removal of radon due to increased vertical mixing is one of the most important controlling processes of the radon accumulation in the atmospheric surface layer. The annual averaged activity of radon was found to be 12.01±0.66 Bq m−3 and 4.25±0.18 Bq m−3 for its progenies, in the study period

Variation of Radon Progeny Concentration over a Continental Location

Background: The variation of the radon progeny concentration in outdoor environment and meteorological parameters at fine resolution were studied for one year at a continental location, National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki, India.Materials and Methods: The concentrations were measured using Alpha Progeny Meter by collecting air samples at a height of 1 m above the Earth’s surface at a known flow rate. Results: Radon progeny concentration shows temporal variations on diurnal and monthly scales, and is due to mixing in the atmosphere. Peak in the early morning hours and low values during afternoon compared to nighttime are due to differential heat contrast between earth’s surface and its atmosphere. However, the activity during February shows maximum compared to June/July months.The diurnal variation of radon progeny shows positive correlation with the relative humidity and negative correlation with ambient temperature.The monthly mean activity of radon progeny for the year 2012 was found to be 4.76 ± 0.73 mWL. Conclusion: The mean concentration of radon progeny in the study region is relatively high compared to the other locations in India and may be due to the rocky terrains and trapping of air-masses near the observation site due to its topography

Network Intrusion Detection Systems Using Genetic Algorithm

Intruder Detection system is so important implementations which considers all network information like temporal and spatial which make the system to build the rule for IDS. This helps for the administrator to detect complex anomalous behaviors of the system. This work is focused on the TCP/IP network protocols.   Genetic Algorithm is used to generate dynamic IP for the network to avoid unauthorized data transfer and prevent from attack. The Intrusion Detection System can be viewed as a rule-based system (RBS) and Genetic Algorithm can be viewed as a tool to help generate knowledge for the RBS. This project shows how network connection information can be modeled as chromosomes and how the parameters in genetic algorithm can be defined in this respect.

Atrial septal aneurysm in adult patients: spectrum of clinical, echocardiographic presentation and to propose a new classification on the basis of trans-thoracic-two-dimensional echocardiography

An atrial septal aneurysm is a rare but well recognized cardiac abnormality of uncertain clinical relevance. ASA is definitively associated with congenital and acquired heart diseases but also can be presented as an isolated and totally asymptomatic entity. On the basis of our TTE finding we are proposing a new classification of ASA. We have classified ASA in to two major types: (A) Localized, and (B) Generalized. Both major types are further Sub-classified into 5 possible types on the basis of movements of ASA. New classification of ASA is as follows (1) A/B Type 1R: if the bulging is in the RA only (2) A/B  Type 2L: if the bulging is in the LA only (3) A / B  Type 3RL : if the major excursion bulges to the RA and lesser excursion bulges toward LA (4) A/B Type 4LR: if the maximal excursion of the atrial septal aneurysm is toward the LA with a lesser excursion toward the RA (5) A / B Type 5: if the atrial septal aneurysm movement is bidirectional and equidistant to both atria during the cardiorespiratory cycle. We found higher prevalence (2.24%) of ASA. A/B Type 2L and A/B Type 4LR were most common types. All type of ASA had particular clinical and echocardiographic characteristics. Mobile ASA and ASA with >10 mm excursion are associated with a higher risk of stroke

Fresnel scatter revisited-comparison of 50 MHz radar and radiosondes in the Arctic, the Tropics and Antarctica

High-resolution radiosondes and calibrated radars operating close to 50 MHz, are used to examine the relationship between the strength of radar scatter and refractive index gradient. Three radars are used, in Kiruna in Arctic Sweden, at Gadanki in southern India and at the Swedish/Finnish base Wasa/Aboa in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. Calibration is accomplished using the daily variation of galactic noise measured at each site. Proportionality between radar scatter strength and the square of the mean gradient of potential refractive index, M2, is found in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere at all three sites, confirming previously reported results from many VHF radars. If the radar scatter is interpreted as Fresnel scatter, the constant of proportionality between radar scatter and M2 is found to be the same, within the calibration uncertainties, for all three radars. The radiosondes show evidence of distinct layering with sharp gradients, extending over 10s of kilometers horizontally, but the scatter is found to be two orders of magnitude weaker than would be expected from true Fresnel scatter from such layers. Using radar reflectivities resolved to a few 100 ms, we show that this is due to strong temporal variability in the scattering conditions, possibly due to undulations of the scattering layers. The constancy of the radar scatter – M2 relationship between the different sites suggests an unexpected uniformity in these perturbations between very different regions of the globe

Biology and management of mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink on Jatropha curcas L.

Jatropha cultivation is gaining importance as potential source of biofuel. Recently Paracoccus marginatus has been found to cause serious damage on Jatropha. Studies on the biology and management of P. marginatus at GKVK, Bangalore revealed that the females had three nymphal instars without any pupal stage, while the male had three nymphal instars besides, pre-pupal and pupal stages. The total nymphal period for female ranged from 14 to 21 days, (mean- 17.32±1.6 days) while for male the range was 16 to 23 days, (mean- 18.9±1.3 days). Bisexual and parthenogenetic modes of reproduction were observed. The fecundity of the female mealybug ranged from 248 to 967, with an average of 618.9±19 eggs. Evaluation of insecticides revealed that during first spray and second spray, mean per cent reduction of mealy bug population was highest in profenophos 0.05% (68.05 and 79.35) followed by buprofezin 0.025% (63.61 and 72.69). Least per cent reduction of mealy bug was observed in the NSKE 5% (17.94 and 25.77) treatment