117 research outputs found
Transverse Momentum Spectra and Nuclear Modification Factor using Boltzmann Transport Equation with Flow in Pb+Pb collisions at = 2.76 TeV
In the continuation of our previous work, the transverse momentum ()
spectra and nuclear modification factor () are derived using relaxation
time approximation of Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE). The initial
-distribution used to describe collisions has been studied with the
pQCD inspired power-law distribution, the Hagedorn's empirical formula and with
the Tsallis non-extensive statistical distribution. The non-extensive Tsallis
distribution is observed to describe the complete range of the transverse
momentum spectra. The Boltzmann-Gibbs Blast Wave (BGBW) distribution is used as
the equilibrium distribution in the present formalism, to describe the
-distribution and nuclear modification factor in nucleus-nucleus
collisions. The experimental data for Pb+Pb collisions at =
2.76 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN have been analyzed for pions,
kaons, protons, and . It is observed that the present formalism
while explaining the transverse momentum spectra upto 5 GeV/c, explains the
nuclear modification factor very well upto 8 GeV/c in for all these
particles except for protons. is found to be independent of the degree
of non-extensivity, after 8 GeV/c.Comment: Same as published version in EPJ
Effect of Hagedorn States on Isothermal Compressibility of Hadronic Matter formed in Heavy-Ion Collisions: From NICA to LHC Energies
In this work, we have studied the isothermal compressibility () as
a function of temperature, baryon chemical potential and centre-of-mass energy
() using hadron resonance gas (HRG) and excluded-volume hadron
resonance gas (EV-HRG) models. A mass cut-off dependence of isothermal
compressibility has been studied for a physical resonance gas. Further, we
study the effect of heavier resonances ( 2 GeV) on the isothermal
compressibility by considering the Hagedorn mass spectrum,
. Here, the parameters, and
are extracted after comparing the results of recent lattice QCD
simulations at finite baryonic chemical potential. We find a significant
difference between the results obtained in EV-HRG and HRG models at a higher
temperatures and higher baryochemical potentials. The inclusion of the Hagedorn
mass spectrum in the partition function for hadron gas has a large effect at a
higher temperature. A higher mass cut-off in the Hagedorn mass spectrum takes
the isothermal compressibility to a minimum value, which occurs near the
Hagedorn temperature (). We show explicitly that at the future low energy
accelerator facilities like FAIR (CBM), Darmstadt and NICA, Dubna the created
matter would be incompressible compared to the high energy facilities like RHIC
and LHC.Comment: Same as published pape
Dissipative Properties and Isothermal Compressibility of Hot and Dense Hadron Gas using Non-extensive Statistics
We evaluate the transport properties such as shear viscosity (), bulk
viscosity () and their ratios over entropy density () for hadronic
matter using relativistic non-extensive Boltzmann transport equation (NBTE) in
relaxation time approximation (RTA). In NBTE, we argue that the system far from
equilibrium may not reach to an equilibrium described by extensive
(Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG)) statistics but to a -equilibrium defined by Tsallis
non-extensive statistics after subsequent evolution, where denotes the
degree of non-extensivity. We observe that and decrease
rapidly with temperature () for various -values. As increases, the
magnitudes of and decrease with . We also show the upper
mass cutoff dependence of these ratios for a particular and find that they
decrease with the increase in mass cutoff of hadrons. Further, we present the
first estimation of isothermal compressibility () using non-extensive
Tsallis statistics at finite baryon chemical potential (). It is
observed that, changes significantly with the degree of
non-extensivity. We also study the squared speed of sound () as a
function of temperature at finite baryon chemical potential for various and
upper mass cutoffs. It is noticed that there is a strong impact of and mass
cutoff on the behaviour of .Comment: Same as published versio
Elliptic Flow in Pb+Pb Collisions at = 2.76 TeV at the LHC Using Boltzmann Transport Equation with Non-extensive Statistics
Elliptic flow in heavy-ion collisions is an important signature of a possible
de-confinement transition from hadronic phase to partonic phase. In the present
work, we use non-extensive statistics, which has been used for transverse
momentum () distribution in proton+proton () collisions, as the
initial particle distribution function in Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE). A
Boltzmann-Gibbs Blast Wave (BGBW) function is taken as an equilibrium function
to get the final distribution to describe the particle production in heavy-ion
collisions. In this formalism, we try to estimate the elliptic flow in Pb+Pb
collisions at = 2.76 TeV at the LHC for different
centralities. The elliptic flow () of identified particles seems to be
described quite well in the available range. An approach, which
combines the non-extensive nature of particle production in collisions
through an evolution in kinetic theory using BTE, with BGBW equilibrium
distribution is successful in describing the spectra and elliptic flow in
heavy-ion collisions.Comment: 9 pages and 12 Figures, Published version in EPJ
Exploring Anisotropic flow via the Boltzmann Transport Equation Employing the Tsallis Blast Wave Description at LHC energies
Anisotropic flows azimuthal anisotropies in particle production are
one of the important probes in characterizing the properties of the strongly
interacting matter created in the relativistic heavy-ion collisions. These
observables are sensitive to both the transport properties as well as the
equation of state (EOS) of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) matter. We have adopted
the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) in the relaxation time approximation
(RTA) to describe the experimental data for harmonic flows such as elliptic
flow (), triangular flow (), quadrangular flow () obtained in
heavy-ion collisions at Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies. In this analysis,
we have used Tsallis statistics as an initial distribution and the Tsallis
Blast wave (TBW) description is used as the equilibrium distribution function
while describing the evolution of the particle production in BTE. We have
fitted the transverse momentum spectra, , , and of identified
hadrons such as pion, kaon, and proton for Pb-Pb and Xe-Xe collisions at the
LHC energies of = 5.02 TeV and = 5.44 TeV,
respectively for various centralities. Our study offers a comparative analysis
between the two distinct collision systems operating at comparable collision
energies. The present formulation successfully fits the experimental data for
-spectra upto = 8 GeV and effectively explains the anisotropic flows
data upto = 10 GeV with a very favourable . We observe that
the average transverse flow velocity () and the kinetic freeze-out
temperature () extracted in our analysis decrease as we go towards the
peripheral collisions. The azimuthal modulation amplitudes () exhibit
an increasing pattern as one moves from central to peripheral collisions in
both the Pb-Pb and Xe-Xe nuclei interactions.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, submitted for publication as a regular articl
Radial Flow and Differential Freeze-out in Proton-Proton Collisions at TeV at the LHC
We analyse the transverse momentum ()-spectra as a function of
charged-particle multiplicity at midrapidity () for various
identified particles such as , , , ,
, , and + in
proton-proton collisions at = 7 TeV using Boltzmann-Gibbs Blast Wave
(BGBW) model and thermodynamically consistent Tsallis distribution function. We
obtain the multiplicity dependent kinetic freeze-out temperature () and radial flow () of various particles after fitting the -distribution with BGBW model. Here, exhibits mild dependence
on multiplicity class while shows almost independent behaviour. The
information regarding Tsallis temperature and the non-extensivity parameter
() are drawn by fitting the -spectra with Tsallis distribution
function. The extracted parameters of these particles are studied as a function
of charged particle multiplicity density (). In addition to
this, we also study these parameters as a function of particle mass to observe
any possible mass ordering. All the identified hadrons show a mass ordering in
temperature, non-extensive parameter and also a strong dependence on
multiplicity classes, except the lighter particles. It is observed that as the
particle multiplicity increases, the -parameter approaches to
Boltzmann-Gibbs value, hence a conclusion can be drawn that system tends to
thermal equilibrium. The observations are consistent with a differential
freeze-out scenario of the produced particles.Comment: Published versio
The role of Swarna Bhasma in the treatment of Autoimmune disease
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