Protein/energy ratio and HUFA content in the diet of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) fingerlings: Effect on growth and flesh quality

A 60 day feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of varying levels of protein/energy (P/E) ratio and highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) supplemented diet on growth and flesh quality parameters of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fingerlings. One hundred and eighty fingerlings of uniform weight (4.32±0.08g) were randomly distributed into five treatment groups with three replications. The five different treatment groups were: Control - T0H0 (basal feed+117 mg/kcal, P/E ratio); T1H0 (basal feed +100 mg/kcal, P/E ratio); T2H0 (basal feed +133 mg/kcal, P/E ratio); T3H1 (basal feed +100 mg/kcal, P/E ratio+1% HUFA) and T4H1 (basal feed + 133 mg/kcal, P/E ratio+1% HUFA). Significantly higher (P<0.05) weight gain (WG) %, specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) were observed in the T4H1 and T2H0 groups. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were lowest in the T4H1 group. T3H1 and T4H1 groups manifested significantly higher (P<0.05) value for flesh quality indices such as springiness, adhesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness. Lowest hardness value was found in T4H1 group. Significantly higher (P<0.05) EPA and DHA deposition in fish muscle was observed in T4H1 group. Protease activity was higher in T4H1 group followed by T2H0 group and lowest in T1H0 group. Amylase activity was lower in T2H0 and T4H1 groups. Overall results revealed that P/E ratio of 133 mg/kcal with additional supplementation of 1% HUFA in the diet enhances growth and improves flesh quality of P. hypophthalmus fingerling

Dietary lysine requirement of juvenile Silver pompano, Trachinotus blochii (Lacepede, 1801)

A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to quantify the dietary lysine requirement of juvenile silver pompano with an initial average weight of 6.28 g reared in indoor recirculatory system. Six treatment diets were designed with isonitrogenous, isolipidic and isoenergetic diets. (42% CP, 6% CL and 4.28 kcal g−1 GE) were formulated with graded levels of lysine (1.52, 1.85, 2.21, 2.49, 2.74 and 2.98 g/100 g, dry diet). Equal amino acid nitrogen was maintained by replacing lysine with nonessential amino acid mixture. Fish were randomly stocked, in triplicate groups, in 180 L indoor glass rectangular tanks with recirculatory system and fed to apparent satiation over two feedings at 10:00 and 16:00 h daily during the experimental period. The results indicated that there were significant differences in growth and feed utilization among the treatments. Fish fed diets with lysine in different treatments showed high survival rate (95–100%). Maximum weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) occurred at 2.21% dietary lysine. The hepatosomatic index (HSI), viscerosomatic index (VSI) and crude protein content in whole body were significantly affected by dietary lysine levels. There were significant differences (P < .05) in total serum protein levels and erythrocyte count in fish fed diets with different dietary lysine levels. No significant differences were observed in the levels of serum glucose, triglycerides and creatinine levels among the treatments. In the present study, optimization of fitted quadratic regression of weight gain%, SGR, PER and FER on lysine in diet revealed that the optimum lysine requirement of silver pompano was in the range of 2.40–2.45% of dry diet (5.71–5.83% of dietary crude protein)

Aquaculture Research

Not AvailableGreen pea, Pisum sativum leaf meal (PSLM) was evaluated by conducting a 60-day feeding trial in the diet of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Six iso-nitrogenous (310 g CP/kg) and isocaloric (14 MJ DE/kg) diets viz. Control (0 g PSLM/kg), LM150 (150 g PSLM/kg), LM300 (300 g PSLM/kg), CCX (control + 1 g cellulase and xylanase, CX mixture/kg), LM150CX (LM150 + 1 g CX/kg) and LM300CX (LM300 + 1 g CX/kg) were prepared. Two hundred and seventy acclimated fish (5.06 ? 0.08 g) were randomly distributed in six experimental groups in triplicate with the stocking density of 15 fish per tank and the fish of each experimental tank were fed with respective diet at satiation level. The specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, apparent dry matter digestibility coefficient, amylase activity and the activities of muscle aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase of LM150CX group were the highest among the experimental groups. However, LM300CX and control groups exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.05) values of these parameters than other groups except LM150CX group. Hepatic catalase and superoxide dismutase activities of LM150CX group were the lowest. Moreover, LM300CX and control groups showed significantly lower (p < 0.05) activities of these enzymes than other dietary groups except LM150CX group. The groups fed with leaf meal and exogenous enzyme showed enhanced hepatic IGF-1 expression. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of PSLM at 300 g/kg with supplementation of CX (1:1) at 1 g/kg could replace DORB completely in the diet of L. rohita without compromising the growth performance

Not Available

Not AvailableA 12-week feeding trial was conducted to quantify the dietary lysine requirement of juvenile silver pompano with an initial average weight of 6.28 g reared in indoor recirculatory system. Six treatment diets were designed with isonitrogenous, isolipidic and isoenergetic diets. (42% CP, 6% CL and 4.28 kcal g−1 GE) were formulated with graded levels of lysine (1.52, 1.85, 2.21, 2.49, 2.74 and 2.98 g/100 g, dry diet). Equal amino acid nitrogen was maintained by replacing lysine with nonessential amino acid mixture. Fish were randomly stocked, in triplicate groups, in 180 L indoor glass rectangular tanks with recirculatory system and fed to apparent satiation over two feedings at 10:00 and 16:00 h daily during the experimental period. The results indicated that there were significant differences in growth and feed utilization among the treatments. Fish fed diets with lysine in different treatments showed high survival rate (95–100%). Maximum weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) occurred at 2.21% dietary lysine. The hepatosomatic index (HSI), viscerosomatic index (VSI) and crude protein content in whole body were significantly affected by dietary lysine levels. There were significant differences (P < .05) in total serum protein levels and erythrocyte count in fish fed diets with different dietary lysine levels. No significant differences were observed in the levels of serum glucose, triglycerides and creatinine levels among the treatments. In the present study, optimization of fitted quadratic regression of weight gain%, SGR, PER and FER on lysine in diet revealed that the optimum lysine requirement of silver pompano was in the range of 2.40–2.45% of dry diet (5.71–5.83% of dietary crude protein).Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableA 12-week feeding trial was conducted to quantify the dietary lysine requirement of juvenile silver pompano with an initial average weight of 6.28 g reared in indoor recirculatory system. Six treatment diets were designed with isonitrogenous, isolipidic and isoenergetic diets. (42% CP, 6% CL and 4.28 kcal g−1 GE) were formulated with graded levels of lysine (1.52, 1.85, 2.21, 2.49, 2.74 and 2.98 g/100 g, dry diet). Equal amino acid nitrogen was maintained by replacing lysine with nonessential amino acid mixture. Fish were randomly stocked, in triplicate groups, in 180 L indoor glass rectangular tanks with recirculatory system and fed to apparent satiation over two feedings at 10:00 and 16:00 h daily during the experimental period. The results indicated that there were significant differences in growth and feed utilization among the treatments. Fish fed diets with lysine in different treatments showed high survival rate (95–100%). Maximum weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) occurred at 2.21% dietary lysine. The hepatosomatic index (HSI), viscerosomatic index (VSI) and crude protein content in whole body were significantly affected by dietary lysine levels. There were significant differences (P < .05) in total serum protein levels and erythrocyte count in fish fed diets with different dietary lysine levels. No significant differences were observed in the levels of serum glucose, triglycerides and creatinine levels among the treatments. In the present study, optimization of fitted quadratic regression of weight gain%, SGR, PER and FER on lysine in diet revealed that the optimum lysine requirement of silver pompano was in the range of 2.40–2.45% of dry diet (5.71–5.83% of dietary crude protein).Not Availabl