Assessment of oral health status and treatment needs of HIV positive transgenders in Odisha - a cross-sectional study

 Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes the human immunodeficiency infection which is a major global health problem. Oral  health status of people infected by HIV is also compromised. There is limited literature on oral health status of HIV/AIDS transgenders in Odisha. Aim: This study was conducted to assess the oral health status of HIV‑positive transgenders. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the HIV positive transgenders in Odisha. Snowball sampling technique was employed to reach the population. Oral health was recorded using modified WHO 2013 proforma. Clinical examination using disposable mouth mirror and explorer. Chi square statistics was used for finding the association between the socio-demographic variables and DMFT, CPI, and LOA scores. Results: The study included 153 participants out of which seventy participants belonged to the age group 18-30 years. Majority of the participants were unemployed and most of them had spent around 6-10 years in school. Majority of the participants used toothbrush for cleaning their teeth and the average duration of cleaning tooth was less than two minutes. Toothpick was the most common method used for cleaning interdental areas and none of the participants used dental floss or interdental brushes. The mean DMFT score which was recorded to be 1.424. Around 28.10% (43) inmates had pockets of depth 4mm to 5mm. Loss of attachment of 6mm to 8mm was found in majority (57, 37.25%) of the participants. Most of the participants did not require any prosthesis both in the upper and lower arches. Around 32 participants (20.91%) had very mild fluorosis, 29 participants (18.95%) exhibited signs of moderate fluorosis. Age was found to be significantly associated with loss of attachment score (p = 0.023). Occupation had an association with the DMFT score (p =0.002) while years in school was found to be significantly associated with CPI score (p=0.045). Conclusion: The oral health status of transgenders is poor and needs immediate attention

Scene Based Text Recognition From Natural Images and Classification Based on Hybrid CNN Models with Performance Evaluation

Similar to the recognition of captions, pictures, or overlapped text that typically appears horizontally, multi-oriented text recognition in video frames is challenging since it has high contrast related to its background. Multi-oriented form of text normally denotes scene text which makes text recognition further stimulating and remarkable owing to the disparaging features of scene text. Hence, predictable text detection approaches might not give virtuous outcomes for multi-oriented scene text detection. Text detection from any such natural image has been challenging since earlier times, and significant enhancement has been made recently to execute this task. While coming to blurred, low-resolution, and small-sized images, most of the previous research conducted doesn’t work well; hence, there is a research gap in that area. Scene-based text detection is a key area due to its adverse applications. One such primary reason for the failure of earlier methods is that the existing methods could not generate precise alignments across feature areas and targets for those images. This research focuses on scene-based text detection with the aid of YOLO based object detector and a CNN-based classification approach. The experiments were conducted in MATLAB 2019A, and the packages used were RESNET50, INCEPTIONRESNETV2, and DENSENET201. The efficiency of the proposed methodology - Hybrid resnet -YOLO procured maximum accuracy of 91%, Hybrid inceptionresnetv2 -YOLO of 81.2%, and Hybrid densenet201 -YOLO of 83.1% and was verified by comparing it with the existing research works Resnet50 of 76.9%, ResNet-101 of 79.5%, and ResNet-152 of 82%

Knowledge and perception of magnetic resonance imaging safety among patients

Background: MRI knowledge and safety are very important not for only MRI technicians, doctors, professionals but also for patients who are undergoing MRI examination.  The key purpose of this research to evaluate the knowledge and perception of MRI Safety among patients, as accidents can happen due to patient’s insufficient knowledge regarding MRI. Method: The retrospective study was performed around 50 patients at Maharishi Markandeshwar institute of medical sciences and research, Ambala, Haryana. Questionnaire design was used to assess their knowledge and perception. The questionnaire form was filled by an investigator directly discussion with patients and the data was collected and analyzed using Microsoft excel sheet. Result: It was assessed that how much knowledge and what is the perception of MRI study among patients. There were 23 (46%) female and f 27 (54%) male in different age group. In response to question regarding how patients felt before MRI scan, 16% patients felt panic, 10% sensed fear and panic, fear and anxiety were experienced by 6% patients, fear was the emotion that 15 patients (30%) suffered, anxiety as the sole was felt by 7 (14%), for 2 (4%) regret was the sensation and 10 patients (20%) didn’t have any issue. Conclusions: The conclusion of this research depicted that majority of the patients were in dark with relation to the knowledge and perception of MRI. It is crucial to explain to the patients about the contraindications and rules regarding the MRI scan

The Effective Role of Microbes in Sustainable Soil Health

Microorganisms are omnipresent they are everywhere; The microorganisms are minute and invisible with naked eyes But helping mankind in many ways. Not all micro-organisms causing diseases or causing contaminations they are also helping us in many ways. The microbes helping in our fields and farms worldwide. How they are helping us in improving soil health and structure .The integrated approach towards using microbes along with organic growth enhancers can bring the revolution. Agricultural inputs from fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and other fossil fuels have increased agricultural production. However, growing awareness and concern about adverse effects on soil and the environment cannot be ignored. So the world is shifting towards organic approach in farming for sustainable soil health and human health benefits. Microbes causing nitrogen fixing, Soil bioremediation, Mineral absorption, Hormonal absorption. View Article DOI: 10.47856/ijaast.2022.v09i05.00

Role of low dose ecosprin and heparin in achieving live births in pregnancy with thrombophilia

Background: Thrombophilia is a disorder of haemostatic system that results in increased tendency of thrombus formation in both venous and arterial vascular system. The thrombotic events are not only restricted to venous thromboembolism but also can cause fetal loss (abortions or recurrent abortions and fetal demise), placental abruption, intrauterine growth restriction and severe pre-eclampsia. This study evaluates the role of administering thromboprophylaxis with heparin and ecosprin to patients with thrombophilia in pregnancy with previous history of adverse obstetric outcomes.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in 60 patients diagnosed with thrombophilia during pregnancy. The objective of the study was to determine the role of administering low dose ecosprin and heparin as thromboprophylaxis in achieving live births in these patients with thrombophilia. All patients included in this study were prophylactically administered low dose ecosprin with either unfractionated heparin (5000 IU s.c, BD) or low molecular weight heparin (40 mg s.c, OD) during pregnancy. Patients were followed up in the antenatal period and the obstetric outcome noted. Comparisons were made between the obstetric outcomes of these patients receiving the aforesaid thromboprophylaxis with those of previous untreated pregnancies during which no ecosprin or heparin had been administered. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using Students ‘t’ test and Chi square analysis. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Fifty nine of the sixty patients with thrombophilia and previous adverse pregnancy outcome who received prophylaxis with ecosprin and heparin during the present pregnancy had live births (98.33%; p <0.0001). Fifty-eight (96.66%) of these patients progressed to term delivery and one (1.67%) pregnancy resulted in a pre-term birth.Conclusions: Present study reveals that prophylaxis with low dose ecosprin and heparin administered to patients with thrombophilia (acquired or inherited) with history of previous adverse obstetric outcome resulted in a positive outcome in terms of a significantly higher number of live births. However, larger studies are needed to further elaborate on the role of thromboprophylaxis in pregnancies with inherited thrombophilia

Fundus flavimaculatus: Clinical images and review of literature

Stargardt disease (STGD) or fundus flavimaculatus is a progressive form of juvenile macular degeneration with considerableclinical and genetic heterogeneity. It may be considered a syndromal cone-rod dystrophy due to overlapping clinical features suchas loss of color vision and photophobia in some patients. Here, we report a case of fundus flavimaculatus in a 32-year-old femaleand discuss the literature pertaining to it. Clinical data including medical history, findings on physical examination and localexamination were suggestive of fundus flavimaculatus. Best-corrected visual acuity of the patient remained constant at 6/12 for1 year with the patient being on 3-month follow-up. No particular or specific treatment is available for this fundus dystrophy andfrequent follow-ups may help diagnose and manage associated choroidal neovascular membrane at the earliest. The only modalityis available in the form of low vision aids for advanced disease

RP-HPLC ASSAY METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF DILOXANIDE FUROATE AND ORNIDAZOLE IN TABLETS

Objective: To develop an accurate, precise and linear Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous quantitative estimation of Diloxanide furoate and Ornidazole in tablets and validate as per ICH guidelines.Methods: The optimized method uses a reverse phase column, Waters Symmetry C18 (250 X 4.6 mm; 5μ), a mobile phase of potassium dihydrogen ortho phosphate buffer (20 mM, pH2.3): acetonitrile in the proportion of 40:60 v/v, flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and a detection wavelength of 230 nm using a UV detector.Results: The developed method resulted in Diloxanide furoate eluting at 5.85 min and Ornidazole at 2.85 min. Diloxanide furoate exhibited linearity in the range 22.5-67.5μg/ml, while Ornidazole exhibited linearity in the range 15-45μg/ml. The precision is exemplified by relative standard deviations of 1.58% for Diloxanide furoate and 1.53% for Ornidazole. Percentage Mean recoveries were found to be in the range of 95â€105 by percentage method during accuracy studies.Conclusion: A rapid, simple, accurate, precise and linear RP-HPLC method was developed for simultaneous quantitative estimation of Diloxanide furoate and Ornidazole in tablets and validated as per ICH guidelines. Hence it can be used for the routine analysis of Diloxanide furoate and Ornidazole in tablets in various pharmaceutical industries.Â

Assessment of heavy metal contamination in Kali river, Uttar Pradesh, India

The River Kali is an important surface water body in the western Uttar Pradesh (U.P). It is an intermittent river which flows throughout the monsoonal months. The present study aims to assess the heavy metal contamination in the river Kali using pollution index (PI), based on five heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cr) during pre and post monsoon seasons in the year 2014. The PI evaluated during pre and post monsoon seasons with respect to drinking water quality standards was found as 5.04 and 7.08 respectively, while related to inland water quality standards were found as 4.37 and 3.62, respectively. The results indicate that the river Kali was severely contaminated (PI&gt;3) in both seasons. Therefore, water of Kali River is not fit for drinking as well as for agriculture purposes