IN VITRO EVALUATION OF A DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH Mn ON NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND RUMEN FERMENTATION PATTERN IN CATTLE

An experiment was conducted in 3 male rumen fistulated cattle fed on rice straw and concentrate based total diet to study the effects of supplementation of Manganese (Mn) from inorganic source (manganese sulphate) on in vitro dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) & neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility (%) & in vitro ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) & total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production. These animals were offered total diet supplemented with 0 ppm Mn (T0) and 24 ppm Mn (T1) as per NRC, 2001 from inorganic source like manganese sulphate. After 21 days of feeding, rumen liquor samples were drawn at different time intervals (24 hour & 48 hour) to study the digestibility of DM, OM & NDF. For estimation of in vitro ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) & total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration each sample were incubated for 2 hour, 4 hour, 12 hour, 24 hour & 48 hour interval. This study inferred that supplementation of Mn through feed can improve the digestibility and rumen fermentation pattern and there will be more utilization of nutrient (crude protein, ether extract, organic matter). Trace mineral like Mn at per NRC (2001) recommendation was found more effective for the purpose than without supplementation in a diet

Study of RPC bakelite electrodes and detector performance for INO-ICAL

The Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) are going to be used as the active detectors in the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO)-Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) experiment for the detection and study of atmospheric neutrinos. In this paper, an extensive study of structural and electrical properties for different kind of bakelite RPC electrodes is presented. RPCs fabricated from these electrodes are tested for their detector efficiency and noise rate. The study concludes with the variation of efficiency, leakage current and counting rate over the period of operation with different gas compositions and operational conditions like temperature and relative humidity.Comment: 8 pages, 8 Figures, matches version to appear in JINS

Impact Of Quality Attributes Of Topical Products On Their Performance

Topical drug delivery such as creams and emulsions are most widely used in the treatment of skin diseases. It offers advantages such as non-invasiveness, direct drug delivery at the site of action, patient compliance and lower cost of treatment. However, topical formulation development faces challenges in the market in terms of critical evaluation parameters for understanding the effect of manufacturing process variables, the role of excipients and the effect of its compositions and skins buffering capacity. The main objective of the first project was to investigate the effect of different manufacturing process variables which can influence the microstructure thereby understanding the influence of process parameters on the performance of these creams. The custom-made formulation with the application of nile red for visualization of globule size in o/w creams was used for this study. The results revealed that the difference in globule size has influenced textural properties and yield stress. This study elucidated the relationship between the globule size and performance of creams. The second study was aimed to evaluate the influence of incremental change in the concentration of a surfactant on the quality attributes and performance of semisolid topical products. The critical quality attributes of these products did not differ significantly but there was a significant difference in their permeation flux-time profile. One of the major reasons was found to be due to the rate of change of thermodynamic activity during the process of evaporative metamorphosis. In the third project, we evaluated the buffer capacity of topical products as a critical quality attribute and impact of buffer capacity on the performance of topical products. In this project, we investigated the role of the buffering capacity of formulations as a critical quality attribute. Herein we found that skins buffering capacity can alter the pH of formulation on the application site. The results shothat the creams with poor buffer capacity would end up changing their pH and match with the skin’s pH. Whereas, the formulations with buffer restricted the physiological interaction of skin with the formulation pH and sustained the original pH of topical product for a longer time

STRATEGISING FOR RURAL INDIA: A LITERATURE-BASED THREE-PRONGED CONCEPTUAL MODEL

Strategy, as regards business, is a long term course of action to fulfill objectives. Organizations make long term plans to achieve their ends using means available to them internally and in the environment. All strategies tend to result in the firm achieving more than what a competitor achieves or lose less than what others do. Villages of India lack basic infrastructure, are agriculturally rich, are opposed to English language and practically to any fruitful activity contributing to economic growth. More than half of India lives in its villages which don’t even have access to basic life essentials like health, education, access and clean fuel. This set of challenges calls for a pragmatic approach in strategising for rural India. A review of literature was undertaken which revealed three, not very distinct, bodies of work covering the aspects of Marketing, Ethics and Innovation in strategy making. A conceptual plan was derived out of the study calling for an integration of all three aspects which has been posited to make Rural Marketing strategy a success. Gaps in research have been pointed out and recommendations made

Finite element method analysis of propagation in a non magnetic coupled waveguide structure having α-power refractive index profile

The work presented in the paper is a numerical study of a waveguiding component. The structure studied is a coupler consisting of three closely-coupled weakly-guiding one-dimensional waveguides. The refractive index profile of the coupler has been allowed to vary arbitrarily. The scalar finite element method (FEM) has been used to separately extract the TE and TM modes supported by this coupler and propagate them along the structure using a beam propagation method (BPM). We excite structure with Eigen mode profile which can be well approximated by Gaussian shape pulse. The effect of waveguide separation has been well demonstrated by using an example. The Crank-Nicolson (CN) scheme has been used to stabilize the propagation and transparent boundary conditions (TBC) which have been used to absorb energy leaked by the waveguides to the outer boundaries. The work’s main finding is that the coupling period of the structure can be changed by altering the index profile of the middle waveguide; step-, parabolic- and triangular-profile distributions have been studied and compared. In FEM analysis we have used the variable discretization step (δ) for the better accuracy of the results

Study of price variations of anti-epileptic drugs available in different brands in Indian pharmaceutical market

Background: To analyze the cost ratio and percentage cost variations in different brands of the commonly prescribed anti-epileptic drugs available in Indian pharmaceutical market.Methods: The maximum and minimum price of each brand of the drug given in INR was noted by using CIMS January to April 2018 edition and drug today April to June 2018 Vol-1. The cost ratio and the percentage cost variation for individual drug brands was calculated. The cost of one bottle in case of 100ml syrup and 10 tablets/capsules was calculated in case of oral drugs and the cost of one 1 vial or ampoule was noted in case of injectable drugs. At last the cost ratio and percentage cost variation of various brands was compared.Results: After calculation of cost ratio and percentage cost variation for each brand of anti-epileptic drug tablet clonazepam (2mg) shows highest cost ratio and percentage cost variation as: 10.41 and 941.66, carbamazepine (200mg SR tablet) shows lowest cost ratio and percentage cost variation as: 1.09 and 9.32.Conclusions: Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder and Epileptic drugs are to be prescribed for prolonged period. If a costly brand is prescribed, the patients have to pay more money unnecessarily for their treatment. There is a wide difference in the cost of different brands of anti-epileptic drugs available in India. The clinicians prescribing these drugs should be aware of these variations in cost to reduce the cost of drug therapy

Orchestrating Complexity: The Art of Virtual Leadership in System Modelling

This paper explores the dynamics of virtual leadership within global remote work environments, focusing on the application of complex system modelling to understand and enhance leadership efficacy. The application of computational modelling has been a regular feature in economics, science and technology fields, however its application in virtual leadership with linkage to sport leadership appears to be a novel concept. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach, this paper incorporates Game Theory as a conceptual framework to make the leadership model more relevant and applicable that can offer simpler understanding of complex play of leadership drivers. The model incorporates five key leadership dimensional drivers such as communication, motivation, culture, trust, and technology as agents that influence change in other agents, specifically team members. The research attempts to discover approach for understanding leadership and team behavior through Relational Leadership dynamic in business as well as in sport environment