476 research outputs found
An Opportunistic-Non Orthogonal Multiple Access based Cooperative Relaying system over Rician Fading Channels
Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) has become a salient technology for
improving the spectral efficiency of the next generation 5G wireless
communication networks. In this paper, the achievable average rate of an
Opportunistic Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (O-NOMA) based Cooperative
Relaying System (CRS) is studied under Rician fading channels with Channel
State Information (CSI) available at the source terminal. Based on CSI, for
opportunistic transmission, the source immediately chooses either the direct
transmission or the cooperative NOMA transmission using the relay, which can
provide better achievable average rate performance than the existing
Conventional-NOMA (C-NOMA) based CRS with no CSI at the source node.
Furthermore, a mathematical expression is also derived for the achievable
average rate and the results are compared with C-NOMA based CRS with no CSI at
the transmitter end, over a range of increasing power allocation coefficients,
transmit Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs) and average channel powers. Numerical
results show that the CRS using O-NOMA with CSI achieves better spectral
efficiency in terms of the achievable average rate than the Conventional-NOMA
based CRS without CSI. To check the consistency of the derived analytical
results, Monte Carlo simulations are performed which verify that the results
are consistent and matched well with the simulation results.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1709.0822
Antecedents and consequences of female consumer's attitude and lifestyle in facial care market
Evaluation of ethical marketing practices of businesses from a consumer perspective has often been prescribed as an international research direction, more particularly for the
developing economies. In accordance with the above, this consumer study based in Malaysia investigated the antecedents and consequences of consumer attitude towards ethical marketing practices of firms depicted by product fairness, price fairness, and fairness aspects of marketing communications and channels of distribution in the facial care sector. Moderating influences of consumer lifestyle and demography were also taken into consideration in order to describe the scenario with enhanced precision and possibilities. The model under study was developed using the proven predictive power of the theory of planned behavior supported with the consumer decision process model. Relying on a survey research design, and following a rigorous multi stage sampling
method, 483 female consumers falling within 15 years and above age range were surveyed from different parts of Malaysia. Descriptive analysis was done using SPSS, and inferential analysis using SmartPLS software, a variance based structural equations modeling tool. The findings revealed that product fairness, marketing communications, price fairness, and channels of distribution possess significant positive relationship with consumer attitude which further significantly predicts behavioral intention. Social factors and perceived behavioral control too were seen to predict behavioral intention which was further seen to influence the actual behavior of consumers. Consumer lifestyle as a whole, reflected through self-confidence, health consciousness, family orientation, religiosity, and women role and perception was found to have no moderation effect on the consumer attitude and behavioral intention relationship. The results of multi group analysis revealed that income of consumers exerts no moderation effect whereas
education moderates the relationship of marketing communications, price fairness, and
channels of distribution taken with consumer attitude. As Malaysian consumers exhibit serious concern towards ethical marketing practices of firms, it is recommended to the
managers that they ensure fairness in their offerings, pricing, marketing communications
and the way they make the products available to the consumers. Also, the policy makers are suggested to focus on creating awareness regarding the growing significance of ethical aspects, in addition to instituting desirable regulation
Performance analysis of FSO using relays and spatial diversity under log-normal fading channel
The performance analysis of free space optical communication (FSO) system
using relays and spatial diversity at the source is studied in this paper. The
effect of atmospheric turbulence and attenuation, caused by different weather
conditions and geometric losses, has also been considered for analysis. The
exact closed-form expressions are presented for bit error rate (BER) of M-ary
quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) technique for multi-hop multiple-input
single-output (MISO) FSO system under log-normal fading channel. Furthermore,
the link performance of multi-hop MISO and multi-hop single-input and
single-output (SISO) FSO systems are compared to the different systems using
on-off keying (OOK), repetition codes (RCs) and M-ary pulse amplitude
modulation (M-PAM) techniques. A significant performance enhancement in terms
of BER analysis and SNR gains is shown for multi-hop MISO and multi-hop SISO
FSO systems with M-QAM over other existing systems with different modulation
schemes. Moreover, Monte-Carlo simulations are used to validate the accuracy
and consistency of the derived analytical results. Numerical results show that
M-QAM modulated multi-hop MISO and multi-hop SISO FSO system with relays and
spatial diversity outperforms other systems while having the same spectral
efficiency of each system.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, 4th International Conference on Electrical Energy
Systems (ICEES), Feb. 7-9, 2018, SSNCE, Chennai, TN, INDI
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SECONDARY COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine metabolic disorder, characterised by hyperglycemia. The cause of this hyperglycemia is either insufficient or inefficient insulin which leads to the imbalance in the metabolism of not only carbohydrates but also protein and lipids. Diabetes mellitus is associated with various kind of abnormalities which affects almost all the parts of the body including eye, kidney, brain, foot etc. Hyperglycemia is not the only reason which gives diabetes mellitus a tag of most apocalyptic disease; it is the complications which arise from the higher concentration of glucose or metabolites comes from its variant metabolic pathways. DM causes both microvascular and macrovascular complications. Microvascular complications, caused by the damage of small blood vessels, includes nephropathy (kidney disease), retinopathy (eye damage) and neuropathy (nerve damage) whereas macrovascular complication, caused by the damage of large blood vessels, includes blood vessels arteries and veins. There are six metabolic pathways are there which normally leads to these complications. These pathways are sorbitol pathway, advanced glycation pathway, Hexosamine pathway, PKC pathway, ketoaldehyde pathway and oxidative stress
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