Modified PSO based PID Sliding Mode Control using Improved Reaching Law for Nonlinear systems

In this paper, a new model based nonlinear control technique, called PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) type sliding surface based sliding mode control is designed using improved reaching law. To improve the performance of the second order nonlinear differential equations with unknown parameters modified particle swarm intelligent optimization (MPSO) is used for the optimized parameters. This paper throws light on the sliding surface design, on the proposed power rate exponential reaching law, parameters optimization using modified particle swarm optimization and highlights the important features of adding an integral term in the sliding mode such as robustness and higher convergence, through extensive mathematical modeling. Siding mode control law is derived using Lyapunov stability approach and its asymptotic stability is proved mathematically and simulations showing its validity. MPSO PID-type Sliding mode control will stabilize the highly nonlinear systems, will compensate disturbances and uncertainty and reduces tracking errors. Simulations and experimental application is done on the non-linear systems and are presented to make a quantitative comparison.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2207.1112

Integral surface based Second Order Sliding Mode Controller design for Inverted Pendulum with PD SMC Compensation

Stabilization of a nonlinear single stage inverted pendulum is a complicated control problem, as nonlinearity is present inherently and external factors affect the equilibrium position. In this paper, a PD sliding mode controller is connected with Second order PI (Proportional+Integral) sliding mode controller, which is designed to improve the performance for nonlinear state differential equations with unknown parameters. This paper throws light on the sliding surface design and highlights the important features of multiplexing sliding mode control inputs resulting in robustness and higher convergence of output, through extensive mathematical modeling. Simulations and experimental application is done on the system to evaluate the controller for performance, complexity of implementation and also on the impact of the nonlinear IP system on its stability

Social Participation among the Elderly: Moderated Mediation Model of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

Researchers have identified social participation for the elderly as a salient activity that benefits their wellbeing. Along that vein, prior studies have reported that ICT use increases the extent to which the elderly participate socially with one another. However, the literature remains silent on the mechanisms by which ICT use leads to social participation. In this paper, we draw on two prominent IS theories, actor-network theory (ANT) and activity theory (AT), to develop a conceptual framework by incorporating four social participation-oriented factors: ICT use, social participation, social isolation, and loneliness. We used a quantitative approach based on the cross-sectional survey to collect data from 240 elderly people. We analyzed the data using structural equation modeling based on SmartPLS 3.0. We found that the size of the social network constituted the critical factor in the association between ICT use and social participation. The outcome of the model suggests that ICT use does not impact the social participation directly. Rather, social isolation (absence of social network) mediates the relationship between the ICT use and social participation. Additionally, loneliness, one of the commonly observed psychological states in the elderly, weakens the influence of ICT use on social isolation. Our research advances our theoretical understanding about social participation among seniors and helps governments and businesses prepare ICT plans for the elderly appropriately

Synthesis of Zinc Stannate Powder by Solid State Route and Molten Salt Synthesis Method and Their Characterization

The solid state route and molten salt synthesis method was successfully employed to synthesize Zn2SnO4 powder. ZnO and SnO2 were used as starting material. For molten salt synthesis NaCl-KCl salt system was used as reaction media. The different processing parameters e.g. salt quantity, heat treatment temperature, holding time were varied to study the phase formation. As synthesized powder sample was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) which reveals the phase purity of zinc stannate synthesized from solid state route while a few percentage of phase formation has occurred in molten salt synthesis method. The particle size and morphology of the zinc stannate powder was studied using FESEM and particle size analyzer. The optical property was studied using UV-visible spectroscopy

Sentiment Analysis of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Stock Market

COVID-19 is a dreadful infectious disease, morphed into an economic crisis causing extensive and longstanding ramifications across global markets. Investors continue to hear about COVID-19 and its impact in one corner of the globe or the other for a long time. Though the effects of COVID19 started in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, global markets did not respond actively till W.H.O officially declared on March 11, 2020, that the COVID19 outbreak is a global pandemic. These multi-channel events have eroded investor sentiment, tanking the global stock markets. This article uses a machine learning approach to Twitter to analyze and follow investor sentiment that has guided the market to the new low during the first 150 days of the COVID-19 era. The only respite for recovery of financial markets is the lowering of COVID-19 infected cases for the time being till a vaccine is developed for the virus

Synchronization techniques for 3rd generation partnership project-long term evolution (3GPP-LTE)

To deal with the increasing demands on the mobile radio systems and data traffic, a successor of UMTS has been worked on, called Long Term Evolution (LTE). This will permit more powerful and better spectral efficiency of the transmission. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) is used in the LTE downlink as a multiple access method. The uplink in the same is dependent on another method, Single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA). The advantage of the method is that the signals exhibit lower peak to average power ratio (PAPR).In this thesis, we focused on the comparison of the performance of SCFDMA and OFDMA under different conditions. We analysed how SCFDMA can be considered a better model.We implemented synchronisation techniques (timing and frequency),including the respective blocks in transmitter andreceiver.Algorithms were done for the same and the simulation of all the above was done using MATLAB

Nanostructured biosensor to estimate the freshness of fish

Freshness of fish is of importance for consumers because of its connection with health and taste. A mixture of complex volatile biogenic amines collectively known as total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) are released from the fish spoilage due to enzyme-catalyzed decomposition of biogenic amines by spoilage microorganisms. The release of TVB-N, due to microorganism growth in fish samples are considered as potential analytical indicator of fish spoilage. The developed sensor contains a mixture of pH sensitive anionic dye, cresol red (CR) and cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) above the critical micellar concentration. The mixture of CR-CTAB (1:1) was immobilized on the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) modified electrode surface. A change in static voltage was observed across the CR-CTAB/rGO biosensor when TVB-N are released from spoiled fish under room temperature. The developed biosensor can be used for the real time measurement of fish freshness