Optimum Percentage of Sawdust and Brick Ballast in Light Weight Concrete

Construction industry relies heavily on conventional material such as cement, sand and gravel for the production of concrete The river sand and gravels which are most commonly used as fine aggregates and coarse aggregates respectively in the production of concrete, poses the problem of acute shortage in many areas, whose continued use has started posing serious problem with respect to its availability, cost and environmental impact. Attempt is being made in this project to use the locally available waste materials to replace the river sand and gravels to produce light weight and low cost concrete. Sawdust and Brick ballast are easily affordable at low costs, which are partially replaces with river sand and gravels respectively for making concrete. Natural sand and Gravels have been partially replaced (4% SD 8% BB, 4% SD 16% BB, 4% SD 24% BB, 8% SD 8% BB, 8% SD 16% BB, 8% SD 24% BB, 12% SD 8% BB, 12% SD 16% BB and 12% SD 24% BB. by using M30 grade of concrete) with sawdust and broken brick ballast respectively. For this, thirty concrete cubes of size 150mm X 150mm X 150mm have been casted and water cement ratio of 0.42 has been used. Water reducing admixture is used to increase the workability. Slump test, Compacting factor test and compressive strength at (28 days) of specimens having above combinations have been compared with control specimens. The workability and compressive strength gradually decreases for the increasing the replacement percentages. The optimum mix found to produce M30 grade of concrete is 8% of sawdust and 16% of Brick ballast

Role of Vitamin D from sun in breast cancer Prevention

For our vitamin-D needs the solar ultraviolet B photons (290-315 nm) penetrates into the skin where they cause the photolysis of 7-dehydrocholesterol to precholecalciferol. Once formed, precholecalciferol undergoes a thermally induced rearrangement of its double bonds to form cholecalciferol.The majority of South Asians never reached sufficiency in vitamin D status. Lifestyle differences, with lower oral intake, sun exposure and rates of cutaneous production due to darker skin, indicate that standard advice on obtaining sufficient vitamin D needs modification for the South Asian community. This becomes more important when required for cancer prevention. In view of ample evidences,1-6 of protective role of sun exposure especially in breast cancer as it raises vitamin D leve7, It is felt that there is need that it be highlighted in cancer preventionguidelines. There is need to generate country/region specific data also to document quantitative narration ontime and type of sun exposure for cancer prevention. Serum vitamin D status of American people using data of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012 in USA(NHANES)8reported serum 25 (OH) D among 20-49 yrs age group (n=5454) 62.06±0.84 nmol/L, higher than average 25nmol/L in south Asian population in this report. Some of the reasons for low vitamin D are old age, female gender, high altitude, dark skin, less sun light, dietary habits and absence of vitamin D in diet

Performance Evaluation of Aviation Headset in Indian Army

Passive hearing protective devices, referred also as ear defenders, work by obstructing noise propagation through the ear canal of the receiver. These gadgets are a popular choice as they offer high attenuation over a broad frequency range, though at times inadequately, especially in the low frequency region, as per International Standards of occupational exposure to noise. Upward masking of speech signal by low frequency noise also degrades the intelligibility of speech in noise that may lead to decrement in performance and hamper the safety of individualsworking in noisy occupational environments. Active noise reducing hearing protective devices lend the possibility of avoiding these problems particularly where the major acoustic energy is centered at low frequencies, rendering these active contraptions a powerful tool in preventing noise induced hearing loss without hampering speech/oralcommunication. Accordingly, the present study was undertaken to investigate the potential of Telex Stratus 30 Headset in providing protection against noise induced hearing loss and to evaluate its efficacy in improving the speech intelligibility of our Armed forces personnel working in different noise spectral environment

A Research Paper on Critical Analysis of Parents - Teachers Psychology and its Importance in Enhancing the Performance of Students Community

It is an established fact that a strong psychological rapport between parents and teachers always bring out the best of output from the learners. Solid home cares- teachers’ psychology helps in exploring every particular qualitative talent in a sole particular student and subsequently he or she is able to perform up to the best of the abilities present. The parents must always be part of the school’s academic planning. Teachers if on a periodical basis message about the students to their parents will help the parents at home to find out the possible solutions to the problems which their wards are facing in any particular subject or any other psychological stigmas staring to jeopardize their performance. It is the duty of parents and teachers that they should create an environment so children can feel confident and secure. Building confidence in children is not an easy task. In this study we focus on the investigation additionally centers around parental tendency towards the appealing, friendly or skilled kid which makes desire conduct in youngsters. As per Jersild aggressive frame of mind of guardians for example contrasting the tyke's exhibition and another, is in charge of creating greedy frame of mind in youngsters

Implications and Prevention of Noise Hazards on Board Ships

Seafarers are exposed to intense noise due to running of powerful gas turbines present in the engine room and in other compartments due to the operation of various sub systems that adversely affect their hearing acuity and proficiency. A large body of persons is employed in the Shipping industry and it is of paramount importance to preserve and promote health in the work place. Hence, this particular study was undertaken with a view to precisely quantify the noise levels associated with the operation of turbine engines and examine the impact of exposure on hearing sensitivity of the individuals. The preventive measures that can control the adverse effects like the use of ear defenders, and, supplementation of carbogen, a mixture of 5% CO2 and 95% O2 were examine

Prevalence of Dyslipidemia and Its Determinants in Rural Delhi

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. For planning future strategies and approaches for prevention of cardiovascular diseases, it is essential to know the burden of dyslipidemia in the community.Objective: To find prevalence of dyslipidemia and its associated factors in a rural area of Delhi, India.Materials and Methods: It was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in two rural areas in Delhi among 1005 subjects, selected using systematic random sampling method. WHO STEPS approach was used to collect data. Blood pressure, body mass index, blood sugar and lipid profile were measured. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16. Odds of dyslipidemia among subjects with risk factors were calculated. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: The overall prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, raised triglycerides and reduced HDL was 31.2%, 21.8% and 95.7% respectively. Dyslipidemia was significantly higher in individuals more than 35 years than less than 35 years and among males. It was significantly higher in those who take alcohol, among overweight/obese and in subjects with diabetes mellitus Type 2. In multivariate analysis, age, occupation, tobacco use, BMI and diabetes mellitus Type 2 were independently associated with dyslipidemia.Conclusion: There is significant burden of dyslipidemia in rural areas in Delhi. Age, occupation, tobacco use, BMI and diabetes mellitus Type 2 were independent risk factors of dyslipidemia.

A Review on Complications of the Prolonged Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) and Presenting a Case of Barrett’s Esophagus

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common among gastric disorders and treated by antacids especially proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Though symptoms are reported to be controlled by PPIs, however the complications like barrettes esophagus, Cancers at GE junction are not studied and reported extensively. In view of symptomatic relief, the long, non-supervised, over the counter medication use has increased. Safety of such long-term has been attempted with the review of available evidence and presentation of a case.Aim: To update available literature on the long-term use of PPIs and possible mechanisms behind adverse events.Materials and Methods: A case of Barrette’s esophagus was presented, with long-term use of PPIs. Detailed history taking of the case was done and another evidence synthesis was done on the effects of the long and short-term use of PPIs. The literature search using Medline, Scopus, Scholar on adverse effects of the use of PPIs was done which were language and date unrestricted.Results: Studies report many adverse effects on short-term (up to 5 years of use, namely: clostridium associated diarrhea, bacterial peritonitis, cholecystitis, pyogenic liver, liver cirrhosis, pneumonia, esophageal inflammations, nocturnal breakthrough acid reflux, interstitial nephritis, drug interaction and nutritional deficiencies mainly of Vitamin B 12 and iron) and long-term use, namely: Concomitant dyspepsia, Barrettes esophagus, osteoporosis, dementia, hypomagnesia, cancers at GE junction.Conclusion: The health care providers and community should be made cautious, larger cohort observational studies are also recommended for more evidence