Synchronized separation of atorvastatin—an antihyperlipidemic drug with antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antithrombotic drugs by RP-LC for determination in combined formulations

AbstractA new rapid and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of atorvastatin—an antihyperlipidemic drug along with most commonly prescribed drugs (antihyperlipidemic, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antithrombotic) in bulk and marketed combined formulations. The chromatographic separation was carried out by gradient elution mode with acetonitrile as organic modifier and 0.1% triethylamine acetate (TEAA) buffer pH 5 at a flow rate of 1mL/min and a diode array detector at wavelength 230nm was employed for detection of the analytes. Calibration curves were linear in the range of 5–150μg/mL for all the drugs with correlation coefficients of determination (r2 values)≥0.999. Limits of detection (LODs) and Limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 0.1 to 0.27μg/mL and 0.3 to 0.89μg/mL respectively. Intra-day and inter-day precision was studied at three concentration levels (20, 60 and 100μg/mL). The intra-day and inter-day RSD for all compounds was less than 2.0%. The accuracy for all compounds was found to be between 98% and 102%. Thus, the performance of the method described allows its use in quantification of atorvastatin along with 9 most commonly prescribed drugs available in market as atorvastatin combined dosage forms

Inequivalent quantization of the rational Calogero model with a Coulomb type interaction

We consider the inequivalent quantizations of a $N$-body rational Calogero model with a Coulomb type interaction. It is shown that for certain range of the coupling constants, this system admits a one-parameter family of self-adjoint extensions. We analyze both the bound and scattering state sectors and find novel solutions of this model. We also find the ladder operators for this system, with which the previously known solutions can be constructed.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, revtex4, typos corrected, to appear in EPJ

Effect of spatial distribution of fibers on elastic properties of unidirectional carbon/carbon composites

Carbon/Carbon composites finds its applications in several high temperature applications in the field of Space, Aviation etc. Designing of components or sub systems with carbon/carbon composites is a challenging task. It requires prediction of elastic properties with a very high accuracy. The prediction can be normally done by analytical, numerical or experimental methods. At the design stage the designers resort to numerical predictions as the experimental methods are not feasible during design stage. Analytical methods are complex and difficult to implement. The designers use numerical methods for prediction of elastic properties using Finite Element Modeling (FEM). The spatial distribution of fibers in matrix has an effect on results of prediction of elastic constants. The generation of random spatial distribution of fibers in representative volume element (RVE) challenging. The present work is aimed at study of effect of spatial distribution of fiber in numerical prediction of elastic properties of unidirectional carbon/carbon composites. MATLAB algorithm is used to generate the spatial distribution of fibers in unidirectional carbon/carbon composites. The RVE elements with various random fiber distributions are modeled using numerical Finite element Model using ABAQUS with EasyPBC plugin. The predicted elastic properties have shown significant variation to uniformly distributed fibers

Hybrid ICPH 2740 assures quantum jump in pigeonpea productivity in peninsular India

Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is an important pulse crop of peninsular India and of the 4 m ha grown, this region contributes >70% both in area and production. The productivity of pigeonpea in this region is at around 650 kg/ha, and to smash this low yield plateau, a hybrid technology, based on cytoplasmic nuclear male-sterility (CMS) and natural cross-pollination was evolved at ICRISAT. Among several location-specific hybrids were bred, ICPH 2740 gave out-standing performance in farmers’ fields and later released in Telangana for cultivation in 2015 as “Mannem Konda Kandi”. This wilt and sterility mosaic resistant hybrid was tested in 31 locations over five years exhibited 40.7% superiority over the ruling variety “Asha”. In the on-farm trials also, this hybrid recorded yield advantage of 36.2% in four provinces. This paper discusses salient features, performance, and seed technology of the hybrid ICPH 2740

Selective separation, detection of zotepine and mass spectral characterization of degradants by LCâMS/MS/QTOF

A simple, precise, accurate stability-indicating gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RPâHPLC) method was developed for the quantitative determination of zotepine (ZTP) in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms in the presence of its degradation products (DPs). The method was developed using Phenomenex C18 column (250 mmÃ4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm) with a mobile phase containing a gradient mixture of solvents, A (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), pH=3.0) and B (acetonitrile). The eluted compounds were monitored at 254 nm; the run time was within 20.0 min, in which ZTP and its DPs were well separated, with a resolution of >1.5. The stress testing of ZTP was carried out under acidic, alkaline, neutral hydrolysis, oxidative, photolytic and thermal stress conditions. ZTP was found to degrade significantly in acidic, photolytic, thermal and oxidative stress conditions and remain stable in basic and neutral conditions. The developed method was validated with respect to specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision and robustness as per ICH guidelines. This method was also suitable for the assay determination of ZTP in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The DPs were characterized by LCâMS/MS and their fragmentation pathways were proposed. Keywords: Zotepine, Stability-indicating RPâHPLC method, Characterization, ESI-Q-TOF-MS, Bulk drugs and formulation

Advances in crop improvement and delivery research for nutritional quality and health benefits of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Groundnut is an important global food and oil crop that underpins agriculture-dependent livelihood strategies meeting food, nutrition, and income security. Aflatoxins, pose a major challenge to increased competitiveness of groundnut limiting access to lucrative markets and affecting populations that consume it. Other drivers of low competitiveness include allergens and limited shelf life occasioned by low oleic acid profile in the oil. Thus grain off-takers such as consumers, domestic, and export markets as well as processors need solutions to increase profitability of the grain. There are some technological solutions to these challenges and this review paper highlights advances in crop improvement to enhance groundnut grain quality and nutrient profile for food, nutrition, and economic benefits. Significant advances have been made in setting the stage for marker-assisted allele pyramiding for different aflatoxin resistance mechanisms—in vitro seed colonization, pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination, and aflatoxin production—which, together with pre- and post-harvest management practices, will go a long way in mitigating the aflatoxin menace. A breakthrough in aflatoxin control is in sight with overexpression of antifungal plant defensins, and through host-induced gene silencing in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway. Similarly, genomic and biochemical approaches to allergen control are in good progress, with the identification of homologs of the allergen encoding genes and development of monoclonal antibody based ELISA protocol to screen for and quantify major allergens. Double mutation of the allotetraploid homeologous genes, FAD2A and FAD2B, has shown potential for achieving >75% oleic acid as demonstrated among introgression lines. Significant advances have been made in seed systems research to bridge the gap between trait discovery, deployment, and delivery through innovative partnerships and action learning