Screening for Chronic Kidney Disease in Family Members of Dialysis Patients.

To study the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in family members of dialysis patientsMethods: In this cross-sectional observational study relatives of incident dialysis patient were enrolled. Family members of patients of all ages with history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, family history of chronic kidney disease, chronic pyelonephritis and autoimmune diseases were included. Relatives already on renal replacement therapy, Hepatitis B and C, HIV reactive patients and with chronic heart and liver failure, chronic infections and septicemia patients were excluded .Results: Out of these 200 participants, majority (72%) were male. Minimum age of the study population was 18 years and maximum age was 66 years. Mean age was 35.5 ± 9.93 years. Frequency of risk factors in study population showed that out of 200 participants 15% had hypertension, 6% had diabetes, 2.5% had renal stone disease and 74% participants did not have any risk factor. Blood pressure was normal in 83% participants. Blood glucose was normal in 92.5%.Conclusion: Screening of the family members of ESRD patients is important for the prevention of kidney disease in other family members

Mortality among Critically Ill Acute Kidney Injury Patients Stratified with RIFLE Classification

Acute kidney injury, also referred to as AKI, is a common complication seen in critically ill patients . There has been a significant increase in the number of AKI cases over the past few decades. In order to standardize the classification of AKI, the RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-Stage) and AKIN (AKI Network) criteria were developed.This is a prospective, observational, and longitudinal cohort study where data from all patients admitted to the hospital intensive care unit (ICU) were collected. The study duration ranged from March 2019 to September 2020. During the study period, 198 patients were admitted to the ICU. Of these, 69 were excluded while the remaining 104 patients were included in the study.About 66–67% of the total critically ill patient population admitted in the ICU suffer from some etiology related to AKI. Our study highlights the aspect in which the cases of AKI are underreported. RIFLE class R or class I is still associated with excess mortality compared with patients who maintained normal function. RIFLE is a reliable system of classification, which is well classified and indicates the immediate necessity of renal replacement therapy (RRT); the prognosis of early RRT is fairly good in critically ill patients with AK

Changing Histopathological Trends in Idiopathic Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome in Pediatric Population

Objective: This study aims to determine the most prevalent histopathological subtype of nephrotic syndrome in children and assess the response to corticosteroids therapy in different histological patterns. Methodology: A cross-sectional analysis of 64 patients was conducted from february 2018 to june 2019 at  Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital (PIMS), Islamabad. Patients were clinically assessed and investigated using criteria determined by International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (ISKDC). Renal biopsies were performed where indicated and samples were examined with the help of light microscopy and immunofluorescence. IBM SPSS 24 and Excel 2010 were used for data interpretation and illustration. Results: The study comprised of 64 patients including 32 (50%) females and 32 (50%) males, ranging from 2 years to 12 years, with a mean age of 6.78 years. The results showed FSGS (28.13%)  and MCD (28.13%)  as the most common pattern on histopathology  followed by MPGN (15.63%), Mesengioproliferative Glomerulonephritis (9.38%), Membranous glomerulonephritis (9.38%), Diffuse Proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN) (3.13%), Lupus Nephritis (LN) (3.13%), IgM nephropathy (IgMN) (3.13%). 87.5%  children were observed to be resistant to corticosteroid therapy, whereas, the rest of the 12.5% patients responded to corticosteroid treatment. Conclusion: Resistance to steroids has become more prevalent in all variants of nephrotic syndrome in children. FSGS and Minimal change disease are the most frequently seen histopathological patterns observed in the pediatric population of  Pakistan, having Steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Furthermore, an increase in the frequency of FSGS was observed in our population, in comparison to prior studies

A retrospective cohort study to find out the association of hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis and COVID 19 infection prevention among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital of New Delhi

Background- With the high morbidity and mortality year 2020 will be remembered as Covid19 pandemic year. Occupational exposure to COVID 19 among health care workers poses a major risk to their lives. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) prophylaxis has been indicated for their use without much scientific evidence. Objective- to find if HCQ prophylaxis had association with Covid19 infection prevention among health care workers. Material &Method- A retrospective cohort study was conducted; through online by utilizing social media platform, among Health care workers of a tertiary care hospital from 1st June 2020 to 27 July 2020. Those HCWs who have taken HCQ (exposed) and who have not taken (nonexposed) and PCR tested Covid19 Positive were taken as diseased.  Results Out of 527 who were analyzed, study subjects who took HCQ prophylaxis had 30% less chance of having Covid19 test positive, {RR- 0.709(0.383-1.296)} as compared those who didn’t took it, but the results were not significant. Conclusion- Hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis does not prevent Covid 19 infection and more evidence may be required for use of HCQ prophylaxis for Covid19 infection. Keywords- Hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis, Covid19 infection, Health care workers, Retrospective cohort stud

Antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antipyretic properties of Channa striatus fillet aqueous and lipid-based extracts in rats

The present study was carried out to elucidate the antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antipyretic properties of the aqueous and lipid-based extracts of Channa striatus fillet in rats. The antinociceptive activity was assessed using the formalin test, and the antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities were assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema and brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia tests, respectively. Both types of extracts were prepared in concentrations of 10%, 50% and 100% by serial dilution in distilled water or dimethyl sulfoxide, respectively, and were administered subcutaneously 30 min prior to each test. Except for the 10% aqueous extract which exhibits activity only in the early phase, the extracts were found to exhibit significant (P < 0. 05) activity in the early and late phases of the formalin test. Furthermore, the aqueous and lipid-based extracts were also found to show significant (P < 0. 05) antiinflammatory activity, with the former showing a greater effect at the lowest concentration used. The lipid-based, but not the aqueous, extract was found to have significant (P < 0.05) activity in the pyrexia test. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that C. striatus extracts possess antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities

Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of an aqueous extract of Corchorus capsularis leaves in experimental animal models.

The present study was carried out to establish the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of an aqueous extract of jute plant leaves, Corchorus capsularis L. (Tiliaceae), in experimental animals. The antinociceptive activity was measured using the abdominal constriction, hot plate and formalin tests, while the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities were measured using the carrageenan-induced paw edema and brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia tests, respectively. The extract, obtained after 72 h soaking of the air-dried leaves in distilled water, freeze-drying for 72 h and then prepared in dosages of 11.57, 57.85, and 115.7 mg/kg, was administered subcutaneously (10 ml/kg) 30 min prior to subjection to the above mentioned assays. The extract was found to exhibit significant (antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic, activities in a dosage-independent manner. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of C. capsularis possesses antinociceptive and antipyretic activities and supports the previous claim of its traditional use to treat various ailments