CHOCOLATE FORMULATION AS DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR PEDIATRICS

Chocolate  is  highly  sophisticated  and  infinitely  a  versatile food that can be combined to create completely different taste and texture  sensations.   The  objective  of  the  present  study  is  to develop  a  palatable  chocolate  formulation  of  Domperidone  and Cetirizine  for  pediatric  administration  and  to  increase  patient’s desire  to  consume  the  medication.  In  present  investigation chocolate  base  is  prepared  by  use  of  cocoa  powder,  coco  butter, lecithin,  and  pharmaceutical  grade  sugar.  Thereafter  drug  is incorporated  to prepared  chocolate base.  The medicated chocolate prepared  is  evaluated  for  appearance,  moisture  content determination using digital Karl Fischer titrator, blooming test, drug content  determination  &  drug  excipient  interaction  by  differential scanning calorimetry.Key words: Medicated Chocolate, Pediatrics, Chocolate formulatio

DEVELOPMENT OF CLARITHROMYCIN GASTRORETENTIVE MICROSPHERES

Gastroretentive microspheres of clarithromycin were prepared on the principle of cation induced gelification using sodium alginate and pectin. These microspheres were investigated for micromeritic properties, drug entrapment, mucoadhesion and drug release properties. Microspheres were found to be discrete, spherical and free flowing. Microspheres were found to adhere to gastric mucosa with high affinity and showed controlled drug release

Case series to study the clinical features, risk factors, prognostic factors, and to assess the different management modalities of EPN and its outcomes

Background: Emphysematous pyelonephritis is an acute necrotising infection of the kidney, often associated with high rate of renal loss and mortality. EPN mostly present with triad of fever, flank pain and nausea. The diagnostic tool of choice is CT KUB. E. coli is the most common pathogen. Methods: It was prospective study done on 52 patients who were diagnosed to have EPN from department of nephrology and urology in Narayana Medical College, Nellore from March 2022 to January 2024. The diagnosis of EPN was confirmed by plain CT KUB scan. Results: Among 52 patients 48 patients had diabetes mellitus (DM). left kidney involved in 28 patients and right kidney involved in 16 patients and bilateral kidney involvement in 8. Fever (92%), flank pain (88%) are the most common presentation in patients. Shock during initial presentation was seen in 19.5% of patients. E. coli growth was seen in 26.9% cases. 8 patients were treated conservatively with antibiotics according to culture and sensitivity. 32 patients required double J stenting, 7 patients required percutaneous nephrostomy. Nephrectomy was done in 5 patients. Mortality rate in our study was zero. Conclusions: Nephrectomy should be promptly attempted for patients not responding to conservative methods. Pre-existing CKD status, shock at presentation and altered sensorium are the factors determining the prognosis and management

Formulation development and in vitro characterization of bilayer and floating-bioadhesive tablets of propranolol hydrochloride

Abstract The aim of the present research was to develop a bilayer and floating-bioadhesive drug delivery system exhibiting a unique combination of floatation and bioadhesion to prolong residence in the stomach using propranolol hydrochloride as a model drug. The sustained layer was compressed and granules of the floating layer were added to it then both layers were compressed using a single station rotary press. Granules and tablets were characterized using the official method. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS

In this study, the antioxidant and antifungal activities of extracts of Tabernaemontana alternifolia, Thuja occidantalis and Cajanus cajan were recognized. Total yields, radical scavenging activity and the antioxidant property of the extracts were investigated. The free radical scavenging activities of extract was documented as 41.3 ± 2.1 to 76.9 ± 6.1%, likewise. The antioxidant capacity of extracts was recognized between 153.4 ± 10.1 to 336.7 ± 24.2 mg/g extract. This extract was explored for antifungal activity by paper disc method against 2 fungi by using flucanazole as a standard drug. The 0.5 % level of Tabernaemontana alternifolia extract exhibited 100% inhibition till the 7th day of incubation when compare to control (Ascorbic acid). Statistical variances within fungi were significant at p<0.05. The extract was to some extent effective against all the fungi used in experiment

Service Level as Performance Indicator for Multiple Part Families in a Reconfigurable Manufacturing System

Reconfigurable manufacturing systems are recognized as next generation manufacturing systems capable of providing the exact functionality and capacity as and when required. The reconfiguration of the system depends upon the ease with which any machine can be added, removed or re-adjusted for upcoming configuration from any initial or outgoing configuration. The efforts required while changing any existing configuration to a new configuration have serious implications on the cost aspect as well. The complexity and economics involved in changing one configuration to another depend on the existing initial configuration and the new upcoming configuration required for subsequent production of part families. In the present paper, based on the different types of effort associated with the reconfiguration process, a new indicator of performance termed as “Service Level” is proposed. The proposed indicator is modeled for a multipart reconfigurable manufacturing system. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using a numerical example. The values obtained for service levels while switching from one configuration to another were calculated for a serial product flow line. Some of the important implications regarding service level evaluation and implementation are finally discussed

Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy: a rare case report

In this era of endourology most of the ureteric calculi are managed by endourological technique. However, lap ureterolithotomy has a role in the management of large ureteric calculus with minimal complications, morbidity, early recovery and short hospital stay. Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy bridges the gap between open and endourologic procedures as it is minimally invasive and overcomes a few of the disadvantages of open ureterolithotomy. We report a case of our experience of impacted upper ureteric calculus done by laparoscopy. Here we present a case of 45 -year-old male with right loin pain with CT suggestive of impacted right upper ureteric calculus measuring 2.2×1×2.2 with moderate HDUN and good renal function. Patient underwent right transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy and, the ureteric calculi was removed successfully. Hence, we can conclude that, laparoscopic uretrolithotomy is safe for large impacted ureteric calculus with early recovery and minimal morbidity to the patient with complete clearance

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY-INDICATING HPTLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ENALAPRIL MALEATE, HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE AND PARACETAMOL IN COMBINED TABLET DOSAGE FORM

A stability-indicating high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC)  method has been developed for the determination of simultaneous determination of Enalapril maleate (ENAL), Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and Paracetamol (PARA)  in tablet dosage forms, The separation was achieved on TLC aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60F-254 using chloroform: methanol: toluene : ethyl acetate (20:10:40:30 % v/v/v/v)  as the mobile phase. The densitometric analysis was carried out at 230 nm. Compact bands appeared at Rf 0.21 ± 0.01, 0.50 ± 0.02 and 0.73 ± 0.01 respectively, for ENAL, HCTZ and PARA. Linear regression analysis revealed linearity in the range of 1000 – 6550 ng/spot for ENAL, 100-3600 ng/spot for HCTZ and 500 – 3400 ng/spot for PARA. Drugs were subjected to acid and alkali hydrolyses, forced oxidation, thermal and photo degradation treatments. The degraded products were well separated from the pure drugs. Statistical analysis proved that the method is precise, accurate, selective and economical and may be used for routine analysis of ENAL, HCTZ and PARA in tablet dosage forms