Thomas Gray, William Blake, Goldsmith, Cowper and Crabbe in Light of Naturalism: A Critical Perspective

The term ‘Naturalism’ consists of two words; natural+ism, which describes a type of literature that attempts to apply scientific principles of objectivity and detachment to its study of human beings. Unlike realism, which focuses on literary technique, naturalism implies a philosophical position. For naturalistic writers since human beings are, in Emile Zola’s phrase, “human beasts” characters can be studied through their relationships to their surroundings. As naturalism a theatrical style sometimes called ‘realism’. It began as a rebellion against romantic- artificialities of much 19th century theatre. Initially such early exponents as Emile Zola conceived it as simply offering an unadulterated “slice of life” with all theatrical glossing over of hard facts removed and with only limited concern, if any, about the necessity of presenting such views in “well made” plays. However, it soon came to be perceived at least popularly, as answering portrayals of the seamiest side of existence. Gorky’s The Lower Depths is often cited as the classic example. Those who separate realism from naturalism often suggest that the former is more selective and therefore has to be more carefully contrived, and they offer the best plays of Ibsen as instances. Naturalism is often seen as a heightened form of realism with all five senses involved. On the basis of above mentioned details, we can say that the term naturalism used by Zola and other French writers to distinguish their methods from the realism of Balzac and Flaubert and it is opposed to idealism and it applies an extreme form of realism based upon a foundation of materialism

Deciphering Chemomechanical Couplings in Proteins Using Microsecond-level Molecular Dynamics Simulations

All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combine the high temporal resolution of experimental methods like smFRET and spatial resolution of methods like x-ray crystallography, to provide a detailed dynamic picture of biomolecular processes. Here, microsecond-level atomistic MD simulations have been used to characterize chemomechanical couplings in human fibroblast growth factor 1 (hFGF1) and the spike proteins of SARS CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. hFGF1 is a globular signaling protein that is involved in several physiological processes ranging from cell proliferation to wound healing. Experimental studies have previously described the low proteolytic and thermal stability of hFGF1, in addition to the stabilizing role of heparin. Here, a conformational change in the hFGF1 heparin-binding pocket that occurs only when heparin is absent, is described for the first time. Comparisons with experimental data indicate that this conformational transition is implicated in the low thermal stability of hFGF1. Unique electrostatic interactions that contribute to heparin-mediated stabilization are also described. This work also describes a novel binding affinity estimation approach involving restrained umbrella sampling simulations. The absolute binding affinity for the hFGF1-heparin interaction determined using this approach is in very good agreement with data from isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments. This binding affinity study revealed that restraining ligand orientation is essential for effective sampling along a protein-ligand distance collective variable.The differential dynamic behavior of the SARS-CoV-1 and CoV-2 spike proteins is also described in this work. Spike protein activation is the first step in the “effective binding” process leading to interaction with the human ACE2 receptor. This study shows that the active form of the CoV-1 spike protein is less stable than that of the CoV-2 spike protein and that the energy barriers associated with activation and inactivation are higher in CoV-2. A “pseudo-inactive” state of the CoV-1 spike protein is described for the first time, wherein the N-terminal domain (NTD) interacts with the receptor-binding domain (RBD). This highlights the potential role of the NTD in spike protein inactivation. The relatively slower kinetics of spike protein activation and inactivation in CoV-2 indicate that it might spend more time bound to the ACE2 receptor than CoV-1, which in turn might provide an explanation for the higher transmissibility of CoV-2

Deconstruction of Symbols of Reality in Hindi Cinema: A Study on Calendar Girls and Haider

Hindi cinema has always been a better citation for Indian culture. Now it is an accepted proof for the changing scenarios of modern India. The cinema has shaped and portrayed Indian culture to the extent that the sixth art forms could ever achieve. Hindi cinema has a great influence on common man who sees the different symbols of daily life and culture constructed by cinema as real things present in their day-to-day life. Cinema does not only construct the symbols but also deconstruct it. The present research aims to trace and analyze the construction and deconstruction of different social, economic, and psychological symbols created over a period of time through many block buster films. To check this changing perspective of cinema for the society, two films namely ‘Calendar Girls’ and ‘Haider’ discussed in this paper. The focus of the study is on understanding the portrayal of women in Calendar Girls and terrorism in Haider. Keywords: Deconstruction, representation, reality, symbols, Hindi cinem

Miniaturization of PCR Machine

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique defined for copying specific DNA sequences. The three basic steps in that process - splitting a DNA template into its two single strands (called denaturation); adding short segments of complementary DNA called primers to initiate replication of a chosen DNA sequence (annealing); and adding DNA polymerase to synthesis the complementary strand (called extension) - are repeated again and again to amplify the sequence. Each of these steps occurs optimally at a different temperature, so heating and cooling is carried out with an instrument called a thermal cycler. Better than the conventional big size PCR here we have designed a circuit which is capable of performing fast temperature rise and fall and that is within small region. This design supports the easy transportability of the machine because of its smaller size with very low design cost

SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF THIOCOLCHICOSIDE AND ACECLOFENAC BY HPTLC

Objective: Therefore the aim of the present work was to develop simple, precise and accurate HPTLC method for simultaneous determination of THIO and ACE in pharmaceutical dosage form and application of the method for dissolution study with help of HPTLC method.Methods: The TLC procedure was optimized in view to develop a simultaneous assay method for THIO and ACE. HPTLC Pre-coated plates silica gel 60 F254 20×10 cm, layer thickness 0.2 mm (Merck, Germany). The samples were spotted in the form of bands (8 mm) with a Camag 100 microliter sample (Hamilton) syringe on silica gel precoated aluminium 60F254 plates. The mobile phase consisted of methanol: chloroform: water (9.6: 0.2: 0.2 v/v/v) and 10 ml of mobile phase were used per chromatography run. Plates were scanned over the range of 200-400 nm and the spectra were overlain.Results: The detector response was found to be linear in the concentration range of 0.03-0.180 µg/band and 0.75-4.5 µg/band for THIO and ACE and noting the peak areas. Accuracy of the assay method was evaluated with the recovery of the standards from excipients. The mean percentage recoveries obtained for THIO and ACE were 99.34% and 99.08%, respectively, reported. The peak purity of both drugs was assessed by comparing the respective spectra of standard drugs and samples at peak start, peak apex and peak end positions of the spot.Conclusion: HPTLC, with its advantage of low operating cost, high sample thought and minimum sample preparation need is now days preferred as routine analytical techniques for control and assurance. The validated HPTLC method employed here proved to be simple, fast, accurate, precise and sensitive, thus can be used for routine analysis of Thiocolchicoside and Aceclofenac in tablet dosage form

Numerical Modeling of Buried Pipeline Crossing a Fault

Pipelines are common transportation means for oil and natural gas, which act as an important lifeline facility for any nation. Often the design of these pipelines is a difficult task because they commonly are installed underground passing through different types of soil media. Many of these existing pipelines run through the faulted area, which continuously exposed to considerable risk of failure due to movement along the fault. In this paper, a numerical study is carried out to understand stress development in buried pipeline subjected to fault motion with Mundra-Delhi pipeline as a case study. For this purpose, a 3D finite element program is developed and the same is used to study stress development in the pipe subjected to fault motion. Also here study has been done to find out the effect of different soil media and effect of fault-pipeline angle for both strike slip and dip slip fault motion

Epidemiološka tipizacija bakterije Staphylococcus aureus na osnovi DNA polimorfizma duljine restrikcijskoga fragmenta gena coa

Twenty one Staphylococcus aureus isolates of bovine mastitic milk origin from herds at different locations were analysed for their coa gene products and RFLP patterns. One of the isolates was coa gene deficient whereas the rest revealed polymorphism in the coa gene. The isolates revealed three different types of coa gene products (600, 680 or 850 bp) and three distinct RFLP patterns were obtained with AluI digests of PCR products. Amplicons of 600 bp produced only one fragment of 300 bp (Pattern I), amplicons of 680 bp produced two fragments of 210 and 260 bp (pattern II) and amplicons of 850 bp produced 3 bands at 170, 290 and 390 bp (pattern III). It was concluded that not all the S. aureus isolates possessed the coa gene, the coa genotype was location-specific and this character of the isolates can be used in epidemiological investigations.Dvadeset i jedan izolat bakterije Staphylococcus aureus iz mlijeka krava s upalom vimena iz različitih stada bio je analiziran na proizvode njezina gena coa i polimorfizam duljine restrikcijskih fragmenata (PDRF). U jednom izolatu nije bio dokazan gen coa dok je u ostalim ustanovljen polimorfizam u tom genu. Izolati su pokazali tri različita tipa proizvoda gena coa (600, 680 ili 850 bp), a cijepanjem PCR proizvoda enzimom AluI dobivena su tri različita uzorka PDRF. Amplikoni od 600 bp imali su samo jedan fragment od 300 bp (uzorak I). Amplikoni od 680 bp pocijepali su se na dva fragmenta, jedan od 210, a drugi od 260 bp (uzorak II). Amplikoni od 850 bp pocijepali su se na tri fragmenta: 170, 290 i 390 bp (uzorak III). Zaključuje se da svi izolati vrste Staphylococcus aureus ne posjeduju gen coa, te da je genotip coa bio specifičan po svojoj lokaciji i da se ta značajka izolata može rabiti u epidemiološkim istraživanjima

A Novel Method for Ultrasonic Imaging of Flaws in Coarse Grain Austenitic Stainless Steels

Ultrasonic detection and imaging of flaws in thick coarse grained austenitic stainless steel components is challenging due to very high scattering. Spectral and wavelet transform based methods have been traditionally applied to reduce the noise to detect flaws. We propose a novel ensemble empirical mode decomposition based signal processing method for adaptive detection of flaws in coarse grained austenitic stainless steel. We have analyzed ultrasonic signals obtained from stainless steel specimens of different grain size (30-200 µm) with and without flaws. The ultrasonic signals lie in two different scattering regimes with wavelength to grain size ratio of 1.8 (near stochastic scattering) to 3 (far Rayleigh scattering). The analysis gave an idea to use particular numbers of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) in conjunction with minimization approach for the reconstruction of ultrasonic signal. We have verified the usefulness of this method by analyzing the signals obtained from 200 µm grain size specimen with artificial defects. The proposed method has been successfully employed for adaptive detection of flaws in a 50 mm thick coarse grain austenitic stainless steel specimen and for imaging of flaws

(R1980) Effect of Climate Change on Brain Tumor

In this paper, we introduce a new dynamical model addressing the variation in climate condition due the presence of microorganisms. We also introduce a new dynamical model of cancer growth which includes three interactive cell populations with drug free environment, namely tumor cells, healthy host cells, and immune effector cells. In this, we considered the super growth of tumor cells. For the choice of certain parameters, both of the systems exhibit chaotic behavior. The aim of this work is to design the controller to control the chaos and to provide sufficient conditions which achieve synchronization of two non-identical systems, which is based on Lyapunov stability theory. To verify synchronization is achieved between the systems, we performed the numerical simulation