Performance evaluation of dynamically flattened gain L-band RAMAN-EDFA-RAMAN hybrid optical amplifier for super dense wavelength division multiplexing system

In this paper, we have evaluated the performances of super dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (SD-WDM) system with respect to flat gain. RAMAN-EDFA-RAMAN hybrid optical amplifier (HOA) is the backbone of the system. Further, this model has investigated the effects in terms of L-band flattened gain, output power, crosstalk, and bit error rate with 50 GHz channel spacing. Flat gain greater than 14 dB has obtained at 5 mW and reported the poor performances by 7 mW and 17 mW with the range of 188-192 THz. Gain variation < 2.1 dB has obtained. Highest output power has also obtained at 5 mW, 7Mw and 17 mW accordingly. Final conclusion has recommended that better gain flatness has attained without using any costly components such as gain equalizer and multi-pumping for SD-WDM system

Role of Artificial Intelligence in High Throughput Diagnostics for Colorectal Cancer Current Updates

The existence of cancer has been stated as a century’s oldest challenge for the entire human race around theglobe recording a large amount of mortality per year and as per the WHO data nearly 10 million deaths were reported in 2021 worldwide besides others. Colorectal cancer is considered a major threat as this is cancer-related to the colon and rectum with an incidence of 41/1,00,000 recorded annually to overcome this challenge our medical system requires more advanced, accurate and efficient high throughput techniques for the prognosis and effective treatment of this disease. Artificial intelligence’s role in healthcare has been a matter of discussion among experts over the past few years, but more recently the spotlight has focused more specifically on the role that this technology can play in improving patient outcomes and improving the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment processes. Artificial intelligence refers to a broad category of technologies, including machine learning, natural language processing and deep learning. Exploration of Molecular pathways with characteristics that helps in subtyping of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) leading to specific treatment response or prognosis, for the effective treatment, classification and early detection done using Artificial Intelligence based technologies have shown promising results so far, that it may be utilized to create prediction models in the current environment to distinguish between polyps, metastases, or normal cells in addition to early detection and effective cancer therapy. Nowadays many scientists are putting effort into designing such fabricating models by combining natural language processes and deep learning that can differentiate between non-adenomatous and adenomatous polyps to identify hyper-mutated tumours, genetic mutations and molecular pathways known as IDaRS strategy or iterative draw-and-rank sampling. The review study primarily focuses on the significance of emerging AI-based approaches for the diagnosis, detection, and prognosis of colorectal cancer in light of existing obstacles

Performance analysis of 80 channels hybrid optical time division dense multiplexing system with the support of different orthogonal modulation techniques

984-989High spectral transmission capacity signals are the prime requirement of today’s dense communication system to enhance the quality of different users services, which have been analyzed and resolved with the support of 80 channels hybrid optical time division dense multiplexing system with different orthogonal modulation techniques (return to zero (RZ), differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK), non-return-to-zero (NRZ), polarization shift keying (PoISK), and differential phase shift keying (DPSK)). Further, evaluation has also been proceeded to receive the best rating results in terms of bit error rate (BER) and quality factor (38 dB to 20 dB) with attainable rating power amplification from Erbium-Doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). Furthermore, final examine has recommended that orthogonal DPSK modulation is the best choice to attain the data rate of 1.80 Tbps from the recommended system for 200 km optical communication with acceptable rating from 10-24 to 10-10

Prediction of Cancer Microarray and DNA Methylation Data using Non-negative Matrix Factorization

Over the past few years, there has been a considerable spread of microarray technology in many biological patterns, particularly in those pertaining to cancer diseases like leukemia, prostate, colon cancer, etc. The primary bottleneck that one experiences in the proper understanding of such datasets lies in their dimensionality, and thus for an efficient and effective means of studying the same, a reduction in their dimension to a large extent is deemed necessary. This study is a bid to suggesting different algorithms and approaches for the reduction of dimensionality of such microarray datasets. This study exploits the matrix-like structure of such microarray data and uses a popular technique called Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) to reduce the dimensionality, primarily in the field of biological data. Classification accuracies are then compared for these algorithms. This technique gives an accuracy of 98%.Comment: 9th International Conference on Data Mining & Knowledge Management Process (CDKP 2020

Impact of High Speed Differential Quadrature Amplitude Modulation using Hybrid Optical Amplifier for Super Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing System

624-628In this paper, a Differential Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (DQAM) technique for 200 x100 Gbps Super Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (SD-WDM) system is proposed. Optimized rating outcome in terms of the quality factor, bit error rate, crosstalk, and acceptable minor effect of the channel spacing with the support of RAMAN-EDFA-RAMAN Hybrid Optical Amplifier (HOA) is reported

Suppression of Four Wave Mixing Effects Under Different Spectrally Efficient Modulation Techniques in Hybrid DWDM-OTDM Systems

Next generation optical networks require high spectral efficiency to meet the demand of high bandwidth for ultra-long haul communication. Spectrally efficient modulations using hybrid DWDM-OTDM systems can be used to achieve this. However, fiber nonlinearities such as four-wave mixing (FWM) will increase simultaneously and this will degrade the performance of WDM optical system. This paper explores the FWM reduction in 32 channels, 40 Gb/s hybrid DWDM-OTDM network using RZ-OOK, 16-QAM and PDM-QPSK modulation format at 200 GHz and 100 GHz channel spacing. Optical received power, BER, Q- factor, eye diagram and FWM side band power are analyzed at -15dBm to +15dBm channel power. All these modulations have shown a significant reduction in FWM. In addition, the 16-QAM gives highest reduction in FWM along with least BER of 7.9×10−158 and maximum Q-value of 27.74

Impact of High Speed Differential Quadrature Amplitude Modulation using Hybrid Optical Amplifier for Super Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing System

In this paper, a Differential Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (DQAM) technique for 200 x100 Gbps Super Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (SD-WDM) system is proposed. Optimized rating outcome in terms of the quality factor, bit error rate, crosstalk, and acceptable minor effect of the channel spacing with the support of RAMAN-EDFA-RAMAN Hybrid Optical Amplifier (HOA) is reported

Design and Analysis of a Bi-directional Line Switched Ring for High-Speed Super Dense Communication

254-260Performance of 500 x 10 Gbps super dense Bi-directional Line Switched Ring (SD-BLSR) has been analyzed with channel spacing of 25 GHz. For the first time, best of our knowledge, acceptable rating has recorded at -25 dBm input power and data rate of 30 Gbps with the help of RAMAN-EDFA hybrid optical amplifier (HOA) without using any dispersion compensation and cost effective techniques. Final outcome has also declared to control the channel traffic for present optical communication

Performance Analysis of Bi-directional Optical Network Using Hybrid Optical Amplifier in the Context of Multiplay Services

23-28Performance of bi-directional optical network has evaluated for 400 optical network units (ONUs) using RAMAN-EDFA hybrid optical amplifier (HOA). Further, performances have also recorded in terms of quality factor and eye height for the data rate of 5 Gbps, 10 Gbps, 15 Gbps, 20 Gbps and 25 Gbps respectively for the distance of 60 km to 75 km. Limits of the users have also set to 400 for the analysis of various aspects for multiplay services (data, voice, video and mobile service). Data rate of 5 Gbps has delivered the acceptable outcome for multiplay services (MPS). Furthermore, proposed super dense passive optical network (SD-PON) has also shown the stability among the present current research of art in terms of acceptable rating outcome

Optimization of Hybrid RAMAN-EDFA-RAMAN Optical Amplifier for Super Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing System

In this paper, we have projected a new optimization approach for Super Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (SD-WDM) system with the help of RAMAN-EDFA-RAMAN hybrid optical amplifier (HOA). Evaluation is accomplished with respect to quality factor, noise figure, output power, RAMAN pumps, RAMAN fiber length and effect of jitter. Best rating parameters are noticed for getting the acceptable performance from the proposed system. Further,  evaluation with different dispersion ratings such as 2, 4, 6, and  10 ps/nm/km are made. Furthermore,it is also observed that optimization rating of dispersion at 2 ps/nm/km declares to cover the maximum span distance up to 200 km with the high-quality factor