Study of Blast Furnace Stave Cooler Based on Heat Transfer Analysis

The life of blast furnace is increase due to technology of furnace cooling very important method for metallurgical industry. Blast furnace mathematical model of stave cooler has been developed for heat transfer analysis and compare to experimental. Using ANSYS® software calculating the heat transfer and temperature of stave cooler. The result calculating using software ANSYS® and compare with blast furnace placed in RSP with experimental model. Heat transfer stave cooling of blast furnace has been done at different temperature from 575k to 1675k the result is compare with experimental for better result, in the stave cooling of blast furnace nitrogen and nano fluid (Al2O3) also as a cooling fluid in the place of water

CHLOROPHENOL PHOTODEGRADATION IN WATER BY USE OF TITANIA BASED NANOMATERIALS

Abstract Many of the harmful pollutants such as organic compounds in water are generated diseases in human beings and contaminated our environment. Many industries produce these chemical waste and release into our environment. These chemical compounds created the many problems for the human and environment due the increasing of diseases and contamination of natural water bodies. Therefore, it is not possible to remove 100 percent of these toxic chemicals from the water bodies. We need the green technology which can remove 100 percent of toxic chemicals from the environment. A photocatalyst is defined as "a substance able to produce, by absorption of ultraviolet (UV), visible, or infrared radiation, chemical transformations of the reaction partners, repeatedly coming with them into intermediate chemical interactions and regenerating its chemical composition after each cycle of such interactions. Due to its exceptional qualities like nontoxicity, high photocatalytic degradation ability, and superior thermal and chemical stabilities, TiO2 based photocatalysts demonstrate excellent absorption behavior toward organic molecules in wastewater. Significant environmental contaminants known as chlorophenols have caused major issues for both aquatic and terrestrial life. Therefore, to protect our ecosystem for future generations, their eradication requires urgent, efficient, and cutting-edge solutions. This paper includes a thorough investigation of the uses of chlorophenols, their negative effects, and their photocatalytic breakdown

Use of Multimodal Biometric System for the Authentication and Security

We know that security is the main challenge of the modern era, there may be many techniques and methods used for providing the security of any system or data. The biometric system is the widely used method for security. The biometric security is more secure method then others like passwords, card etc. In biometric the part of the body with some uniqueness use as the input image. But now a day the use of single biometric is not more secure, so the alternative or solution of this problem is to use the Multimodal biometric system. In a multimodal system more than one biometric trait used for providing security and authentication to a system. The images are stored in the database by using different operations on the images for compare it by input images. There are some steps used in processing of multimodal biometric system like as ROI, feature extraction and matching

A REVIEW OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS' APPLICATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Abstract Biodegradable polymers have become one of the major discussable matters and considered as the most viable alternative to the traditional plastic materials among the researchers in the modern world. To keep the environmental issues in mind, innovation of environment-friendly products for our daily usage the utilization of degradable Materials is increasing at a high rate. The modern world wants sustainable products which will not bring about any harm to the environment. Most of the common sustainable products are made from plastics but the main drawback of using these products is they are resistant to degradation which is a great threat to our environment. After the end of our usage, this material can sustain for a long time without any degradation which causes a supreme level of loss to our environment. The materials which are not biodegradable cause great pollution especially soil pollution. So, to protect the environment from the ruthless ridicule of pollution it has become a crying need for us to use biodegradable materials as a viable alternative to plastics. As a result, researchers are investing their time into modifying the biodegradable materials incorporated with the most common being starch and fiber extracted from various types of plants that can be easily degraded in the environment. Biodegradable materials contain almost all the properties which are suitable for our environment. Already these materials have been using in several sectors and showing their applications for their friendly properties. This review paper focused on the application of biodegradable polymers for environmental protection

A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON MENINGOENCEPHALITIS IN BIHAR: EPIDEMIOLOGY TRENDS AND DIFFERENT TYPES.

Background: Acute meningitis and encephalitis (AME) pose a significant public health concern due to their association with central nervous system (CNS) infection. Understanding the seasonality, incidence rate, and causative agent of AME is essential for effective management and prevention strategies. The study examines Acute meningitis and encephalitis incidence, seasonality, causal microorganisms, and clinical manifestation patterns.  Methods: In the prospective observational study, a total of 120 participants presenting with symptoms suggestive of CNS infection were enrolled. Inclusion criteria encompassed acute onset symptoms accompanied by fever, headache, vomiting, and meningeal signs or changes in mental status. Data collection included demographic, clinical, and vaccine history, along with biochemistry test results. Samples were collected for further testing, and data analysis such as mean and standard deviation was done using SPSS version 20.0.  Result: The study revealed a mean age of 35 years with a balanced gender distribution. The incidence rate of AME was calculated at 15 cases per 100,000 population per year, with a peak incidence observed during the monsoon season. Viral etiologies, particularly viral encephalitis virus, accounted for 66.7% of cases, while bacterial pathogens, including Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae type b, comprised 33.3%. Common clinical manifestations included fever, headache, and vomiting, with elevated CRP levels and abnormal WBC counts noted in a significant proportion of cases. Tuberculous Meningitis emerged as the most common diagnosis, followed by Purulent Meningitis and other viral etiologies.  Conclusion: The study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of AME, highlighting the importance of comprehensive surveillance and diagnostic strategies. Early detection and targeted interventions are essential for mitigating the burden of AME and improving patient outcomes.  Recommendations: Enhanced vaccination coverage, especially against encephalitis and bacterial pathogens, and rigorous surveillance and prompt diagnosis, are recommended to manage AME outbreaks and effectively reduce associated morbidity and mortality

Species Selection and Nursery Technique Adoption for Seedling Establishment in Bangladesh — Towards Enhancing Plantation Programme

Small-scale nursery owners can play a vital role in biodiversity conservation through providing seedlings of forest tree species, horticultural species, flower species and medicinal plants to afforestation, reforestation, social forestry, agro-forestry, shelter belt and home gardening in Bangladesh. The present study of the nursery status of Bangladesh investigated socio-demographic characteristics, farm and farming characteristics, species selection and adoption of nursery techniques by small-scale nursery owners. A survey was conducted of 252 sample nurseries which were selected randomly. The investigation revealed that majority of the nursery owners were mid-aged (30–49 years) male (82.4%) people who took it as primary occupation (86.3%) for more than 20 years (38.1%), but a considerable amount of the respondents had no schooling (34%). Most of the owners rented a small area of land (0.5–5 acre) for the activities on a term basis. About 39.9% of the respondents raised planting materials for horticultural and forest tree species together. The study revealed that fruit-bearing (RF-28.69) and fast-growing species (RF-17.47) were considered as the criteria for species selection. Mangefera indica, Manilkara zopota, Zizyphus mauritiana, Lichi chinensis, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Spondia dulcis, Citrus citrus, Swietenia mahagoni, Psidium guajava, Cocos nucifera, Albizia lebeck, Citrus grandis, Feronia limonia, Averrhoa carabola, Dulbergia sissoo were the top-ranked species preferred by the nursery owners. Majority of the respondents practiced grafting and budding for vegetative propagation and practiced submersion of seeds under water and scarification as pre-sowing treatment for seed germination. On the basis of research findings, it is suggested to facilitate widespread acceptance of forest tree species, along with fruit-bearing species, and take account of small-scale nursery owners’ views and preferences for achieving adoption of forest tree-based farming systems in a climate change situation

Solar cycle variation and its impact on critical frequency of F layer

The ionosphere exhibits the variability over different time scales. In the present paper we present the long term solar activity variations of mid latitude ionosphere. To accomplish this study we have considered a famous Australian station namely Hobart (42.88°S, 147.32°E), which falls in the mid latitudinal region. The variability has been examined over the previous three solar cycles i.e, 21, 22 and 23 solar cycles. To characterize the long term variability of the solar activity we have used four indices namely sunspot number (Rz), solar radio flux (F 10.7cm), Mg II core to wing ratio and solar flare index. Similarly, for ionospheric variability we have the critical frequency of F2 layer (foF2). From our study, we found that the long term changes in the solar activity indices which are closely and synchronously reflected in the ionospheric foF2. To quantify the magnitude of association between the long term solar activity variations and the ionsopehric variations we have performed the single regression analysis and computed the correlation coefficients between the two types of indicies, and found that there exists an extremely strong correlation between the two types of indices for all the three solar cycles. Hence, it has been concluded that the ionospheric foF2 is strongly influenced by solar activity with an 11-year variability