Effective interventions in road traffic accidents among the young and novice drivers of low and middle-income countries : A scoping review

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Phytochemical Screening and Profiling of Secondary Metabolites of Annona Muricata Bark

Screening of phytochemicals is a precious stair in the detection of bioactive principles present in medicinal plants and may lead to novel drug discovery). In present study aimed to investigate the preliminary phytochemical screening, fluorescence, and spectroscopic characterization in Annona muricata bark. The qualitative analysis of aqueous, hexane, ethanol, hydro-ethanolic and methanol extracts of Annona muricata bark were investigated. Among the various extracts, the hydro-ethanolic extract of Annona muricata bark contains a higher concentration of phytochemicals than other extracts and is used for subsequent studies. Quantitative analysis revealed that the Annona muricata bark has contain significant amount of phenol, flavonoids, saponin, tannin and alkaloids were present. Histochemical analysis further confirmed the presence of phytochemicals in Annona muricata bark. UV-VIS spectral analysis we can confirm that the presence of tannins and flavonoids. FTIR analysis had confirmed the presence of alcohol, phenol, aromatic, carboxylic acid, and aliphatic amines.  Results of the study concluded that rich source of phytochemicals in Annona muricata bark is responsible for their therapeutic effects. So, it is recommended as a plant of phytopharmaceutical importance and further studies are needed with these plants to evaluate their pharmacological potentials of the bioactive compounds responsible for their bio-activities and other medicinal values

RAPD Characterization of Pseudomonas species identified from clinical samples

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common dreadful pathogenic gram negative bacilli responsible for nosocomial infections among hospital patients especially in developing countries. In the present study P. aeruginosa isolated from various clinical samples and evaluated for their variability and genetic relationship using PCR based Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. A total of 30 different samples from patients with wounds, ear infection, respiratory tract, nasal infection and urine infection were collected from various hospitals and diagnostic centers in Bangalore. The samples included pus swabs, wound discharge, sputum and blood. These samples were subjected to P. aeruginosa isolation using selective media and characterization using biochemical tests. Further genetic relationship was determined using RAPD technique. A total of 7 were isolated and characterized biochemically and identified belonging to P. aeruginosa. Cluster analysis and phylogenetic tree reveal close relatedness between P. aeruginosa strain P1, P3, P4, P5 and P6 but distantly related to the P2 and P7. This indicates that the infection due to P. aeruginosa is caused by diverse as well as closely related clones circulating in the study health care centers. This demands further investigation through prospective studies with a larger number of patients. This will aid suggesting efficient and sustained control measures and antibiotic policy in study are

RAPD Characterization of Pseudomonas species identified from clinical samples

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common dreadful pathogenic gram negative bacilli responsible for nosocomial infections among hospital patients especially in developing countries. In the present study P. aeruginosa isolated from various clinical samples and evaluated for their variability and genetic relationship using PCR based Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. A total of 30 different samples from patients with wounds, ear infection, respiratory tract, nasal infection and urine infection were collected from various hospitals and diagnostic centers in Bangalore. The samples included pus swabs, wound discharge, sputum and blood. These samples were subjected to P. aeruginosa isolation using selective media and characterization using biochemical tests. Further genetic relationship was determined using RAPD technique. A total of 7 were isolated and characterized biochemically and identified belonging to P. aeruginosa. Cluster analysis and phylogenetic tree reveal close relatedness between P. aeruginosa strain P1, P3, P4, P5 and P6 but distantly related to the P2 and P7. This indicates that the infection due to P. aeruginosa is caused by diverse as well as closely related clones circulating in the study health care centers. This demands further investigation through prospective studies with a larger number of patients. This will aid suggesting efficient and sustained control measures and antibiotic policy in study are

Utilization of a Novel Scoring System in Predicting 30-day Mortality in Acute Pulmonary Embolism, the CLOT-5 Pilot Study

OBJECTIVES: To construct a new scoring system utilizing biomarkers, vitals, and imaging data to predict 30-day mortality in acute pulmonary embolism (PE). BACKGROUND: Acute PE, a well-known manifestation of venous thromboembolic disease, is responsible for over 100,000 deaths worldwide yearly. Contemporary management algorithms rely on a multidisciplinary approach to care via PE response teams (PERT) in the identification of low, intermediate, and high-risk patients. The PESI and sPESI scores have been used as cornerstones of the triage process in assigning risk of 30-day mortality for patients presenting with acute PE; however, the specificity of these scoring systems has often come into question. METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed 488 patients with acute PE who were managed at a tertiary care institution with either conservative therapy consisting of low molecular weight or unfractionated heparin, advanced therapies consisting of catheter directed therapies, aspiration thrombectomy, or a combination of these therapies, or surgical embolectomy. The CLOT-5 score was designed to include vital signs, biomarkers, and imaging data to predict 30-day mortality in patients presenting with acute PE. RESULTS: The CLOT-5 score had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.901 with a standard error of 0.29, while the PESI and sPESI scores had an AUC and standard errors of 0.793 ±- 0.43 and 0.728 ± 0.55, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: When incorporated into the management algorithms of national PERT programs, the CLOT-5 score may allow for rapid and comprehensive assessment of patients with acute PE at high risk for clinical decompensation, leading to early escalation of care where appropriate