A rare triad of diabetic ketoacidosis, hypertriglyceridemia and acute pancreatitis: a case report

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), Acute Pancreatitis and Hypertriglyceridemia are an unusual and infrequent presentation of Diabetes. Hypertriglyceridemia leading to acute pancreatitis is most commonly encountered in poorly controlled Diabetics. In this case report we have described a young Type 1 Diabetic female presenting with Diabetic Ketoacidosis and hypertriglyceridemia induced Pancreatitis (HTIP). The proposed mechanism is triglyceride excess is hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase resulting in the formation of excess free fatty acids. Excess free fatty acids cause acinar cell injury and capillary leakage in pancreatic vascular beds. Hyperlipasemia frequently occurs in DKA without an underlying acute pancreatitis. Half of the patients with HTIP have falsely low or normal serum Amylase. Imaging is required to confirm the diagnosis of pancreatitis. So, high degree of suspicion is required to diagnose this unusual presentation of diabetes

PERFORMANCE COMPARISON ON MEDICAL IMAGE SEGMENTATION ALGORITHMS

Image segmentation plays a crucial role in many medical-imaging applications, by automating or facilitating the delineation of anatomical structures and other regions of interest. In this paper explaining current segmentation approaches in medical image segmentation and then reviewed with an emphasis on the advantages and disadvantages of these methods and showing the implemented outcomes of the thresholding, clustering

A case control study to determine the role of vitamin D in the risk of coronary artery disease among type 2 diabetic individuals

Background: Diabetes Mellitus comprises a group of metabolic disorder leading to hyperglycaemia. Vitamin D deficiency plays a role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus pathogenesis. Vitamin D appears to affect several metabolisms that have been associated with coronary artery disease. Vitamin D level has been recently considered as an adjustable risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, in individuals with type 2 Diabetes.Methods: This case control study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, UPUMS. 100 diabetic individuals with low Vitamin D level were taken as cases and 100 diabetic individuals with normal vitamin D level as control. History and examination with necessary investigations were done. Patients with positive history were subjected to investigations to diagnose CAD.Results: The proportion of case and controls had no significant difference in age distribution. The risk of coronary artery disease was 2.76 times higher among diabetes mellitus patients with vitamin D deficiency (1.36-5.59). The risk of CAD was adjusted for various risk factors (age, sex, hypertension, smoking, physical activity, and lipid profile) Odds ratio was found to be 2.8 (95% CI-1.19-6.94, p-0.018).Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency among diabetes patients was found to be an independent risk factor for CAD after adjusting other risk factors emphasizing that vitamin D can be a potential risk factor for development of coronary artery disease

Groundwater quality assessment by Water quality index (WQI) and Multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) for coastal zones of Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh

Groundwater is a vital resource for the drinking water supply to the people in the areas residing in the coastal zones. Rapid industrialization increased the human population, and anthropogenic activities led to groundwater pollution. The water quality should be continuously monitored to analyse the suitability of the water, and it is only possible by the water quality index. In the current study, we attempted to determine the groundwater quality of the Mandal headquarters of the coastal zones of the Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh, by using the water quality index (WQi) considering the parameters pH, Electrical conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Hardness, calcium and magnesium, potassium, and sodium, human health assessment tool, and multivariate statistical analysis. The results found that the WQi of the coastal zones ranged from 49.6 to 361.7, and in the post-monsoon season, the Etcherla Mandal station water was not advisable for drinking. Human health risk assessment showed that children in these sampling stations are more prone to the non-carcinogenic health risks associated with nitrate pollution. Proper reduction measures in the sampling areas must be taken to depreciate nitrate and seepage into the groundwater. Piper plots and correlation matrices showed the anion-cation interaction, and the principal component analyzed and showed the pollution sources. The current study concluded that anthropogenic activities continuously deteriorate groundwater quality, indirect saltwater intrusion was identified, and groundwater treatment is necessary before consumption.

Preparation and Evaluation of Curcumin Invasomes

Curcumin has poor aqueous solubility and has bioavailability problems. Hence in the present study the solubility of curcumin was increased by complexing with cyclodextrin (CD) and Hydroxy propyl β cyclodextrin(HPβCD). This complex was incorporated in to invasomes and then into HPMC gel to prepare as a transdermal formulation. Curcumin cyclodextrin complexes were prepared by physical mixture and co-precipitation method. Different formulations of invasomes containing 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 % of limonene, fenchone, nerolidol  were prepared using mechanical dispersion technique. Invasomes were characterized for vesicular size, surface morphology, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and percutaneous permeation. Formulations CHL1 and CHL2 were optimized for further studies. It was found in the study that complexation with HPβCD in 1:2 proportion prepared by co-precipitation method was found to bind 90% of curcumin. Invasomal preparation with 0.5% limonene, 4% ethanol was found to enhance permeation by 8.11 times the control. In vivo diffusion studies were conducted using franz diffusion cell, ex vivo skin permeation studies of CHL1 using rat abdominal skin showed cumulative drug permeated (Q24­) of 70.32 µg/cm2, steady state transdermal flux of 3.344 µg/cm2/hr-1, permeability coefficient of 5.35 cm/hr and lag time of 1 hr when compared with control formulation. From the results it was concluded that the solubility of curcumin was increased by complexing with HPβCD and invasomal preparation with 0.5% limonene has improved the permeation through the skin

A Rapid Flow through Membrane Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Bacillus anthracis using Surface Array Protein as a Biomarker

Anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis is an important disease of biowarfare and public health importance. It is imperative to develop a simple system which can detect and differentiate B. anthracis from other closely related species. The surface array protein (Sap), which is secreted during the early growth phase of bacteria can be an important biomarker for detection of B. anthracis. In the present study, we have developed a rapid flow through membrane ELISA for detection of B. anthracis. Polyclonal antibodies were used to develop a sandwich plate ELISA, which could detect 3.9 ng/ml of recombinant Sap. B. anthracis bacteria grown in culture broth could be detected after 5 h of growth. Finally, a rapid flow through membrane ELISA was developed which can be accomplished just within 2 minutes, instead of 3-4 h as required in sandwich plate ELISA. The results established that the developed flow through membrane ELISA may be used for detection of B. anthracis. The proposed method is rapid, safe and user friendly for detection of B. anthracis culture

Comparative study on Judgment Text Classification for Transformer Based Models

This work involves the usage of various NLP models to predict the winner of a particular judgment by the means of text extraction and summarization from a judgment document. These documents are useful when it comes to legal proceedings. One such advantage is that these can be used for citations and precedence reference in Lawsuits and cases which makes a strong argument for their case by the ones using it. When it comes to precedence, it is necessary to refer to an ample number of documents in order to collect legal points with respect to the case. However, reviewing these documents takes a long time to analyze due to the complex word structure and the size of the document. This work involves the comparative study of 6 different self-attention-based transformer models and how they perform when they are being tweaked in 4 different activation functions. These models which are trained with 200 judgement contexts and their results are being judged based on different benchmark parameters. These models finally have a confidence level up to 99% while predicting the judgment. This can be used to get a particular judgment document without spending too much time searching relevant cases and reading them completely.Comment: 28 pages with 9 figure

QUANTIFICATION OF URAPIDIL IN HUMAN PLASMA USING ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY (UPLC-MS/MS) FOR PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY IN HEALTHY INDIAN VOLUNTEERS

Objective: A rapid and selective quantitative method was developed and validated in human plasma for urapidil pharmacokinetic study in healthy Indian volunteers. Methods: The ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method with solid-phase extraction technique utilized Strata X 33µ polymeric reversed phase (30 mg/mL), extraction cartridge. Simple gradient chromatographic conditions and selective reaction monitoring in mass spectrometric detection enabled accurate and precise measurement of urapidil at nanogram levels in 0.1 mL of human plasma. The method used a deuterium labeled internal standard. Results: The method was validated for a linear range of 5–500 ng/mL for urapidil with a correlation coefficient ³ 0.99 The intra-run and inter-run precision and accuracy were within 10%. The overall recoveries for urapidil and urapidil D4 were more than 90%. The urapidil was found to be stable in plasma matrix and aqueous media. Conclusion: The developed and validated method was specific, sensitive and reproducible in the analysis of clinical samples interspersed with quality control samples under freshly prepared calibration standards. The method was applied for the determination of the pharmacokinetic parameters of urapidil following a single oral administration of urapidil 60 mg capsules in nineteen healthy Indian male volunteers for fasting and fed study

CORRELATION BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND MICROALBUMINURIA IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSIVE ADULTS

Objective: This study aimed to find the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and microalbuminuria (MA) in essential hypertensive adults. Methods: This study included 35 essential hypertensive patients in the 18–65 years of age group, who satisfied the inclusion criteria. Arterial blood pressure was measured by a sphygmomanometer and the first voided early morning urine sample was collected for the estimation of microalbumin. Results: The mean age of the population studied was 49±11.08 in essential hypertensive patients and 46.89±11.10 in the control group. The mean value of BMI in the hypertensive group was found to be 27.59±5.45. In the present study, the mean value of microalbumin in essential hypertensive patients was 20.95±16.96. A significant positive correlation between BMI and MA was observed in the study with p<0.001. Conclusion: Our study shows a positive correlation between BMI and MA. Therefore, this study will help in the early detection of renal injury and prevents its progression to renal failure by lifestyle and diet modifications