166 research outputs found
Effect of Prelithiation Process for Hard Carbon Negative Electrode on the Rate and Cycling Behaviors of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Two prelithiation processes (shallow Li-ion insertion, and thrice-repeated deep Li-ion insertion and extraction) were applied to the hard carbon (HC) negative electrode (NE) used in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). LIB full-cells were assembled using Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2 positive electrodes (PEs) and the prelithiated HC NEs. The assembled full-cells were charged and discharged under a low current density, increasing current densities in a stepwise manner, and then constant under a high current density. The prelithiation process of shallow Li-ion insertion resulted in the high Coulombic efficiency (CE) of the full-cell at the initial charge-discharge cycles as well as in a superior rate capability. The prelithiation process of thrice-repeated Li-ion insertion and extraction attained an even higher CE and a high charge-discharge specific capacity under a low current density. However, both prelithiation processes decreased the capacity retention during charge-discharge cycling under a high current density, ascertaining a trade-off relationship between the increased CE and the cycling performance. Further elimination of the irreversible capacity of the HC NE was responsible for the higher utilization of both the PE and NE, attaining higher initial performances, but allowing the larger capacity to fade throughout charge-discharge cycling
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy on the Performance Degradation of LiFePO4/Graphite Lithium-Ion Battery Due to Charge-Discharge Cycling under Different C-Rates
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) using a LiFePO4 cathode and graphite anode were assembled in coin cell form and subjected to 1000 charge-discharge cycles at 1, 2, and 5 C at 25 C. The performance degradation of the LIB cells under di erent C-rates was analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy. The most severe degradation occurred at 2 C while degradation was mitigated at the highest C-rate of 5 C. EIS data of the equivalent circuit model provided information on the changes in the internal resistance. The charge-transfer resistance within all the cells increased after the cycle test, with the cell cycled at 2 C presenting the greatest increment in the charge-transfer resistance. Agglomerates were observed on the graphite anodes of the cells cycled at 2 and 5 C; these were more abundantly produced in the former cell. The lower degradation of the cell cycled at 5 C was attributed to the lowered capacity utilization of the anode. The larger cell voltage drop caused by the increased C-rate reduced the electrode potential variation allocated to the net electrochemical reactions, contributing to the charge-discharge specific capacity of the cells
Structure and non-blocking properties of bidirectional unfolded two-stage switches
Two-stage switch networks are an emerging design option for relatively small-capacity space switches. They are classified into two categories: folded and unfolded. Although folded switches have been well studied, research on unfolded two-stage switch networks (UTSNs) remains limited. Here, non-blocking UTSNs are considered. First, a new UTSN design is presented that consists of input and output switch modules (ISMs and OSMs) using bidirectional switching techniques. The proposed UTSN is represented by B(n, m, r), where n, m, and r denote the number of input ports of the ISM, number of OSMs, and number of ISMs, respectively. Second, the maximum number of rearrangements for B(n, n, r) is proved to be L(r-1)/2(n-1) RIGHT FLOOR in general, whereas it is limited to two when n >= r. The strictly non-blocking condition for B(n, m, r) to be m >= n + 1 is also determined. Finally, it is shown that the switch hardware complexity becomes minimal at n=N/2 and saturates at N-2/2 as N -> infinity
Design and optimization of a wideband impact mode piezoelectric power generator
This paper proposes a new design of an impact mode piezoelectric power generator that is able to operate in a wide frequency bandwidth by using a round piezoelectric ceramic as the energy converter. The evaluation results show that the output of the power generator can be optimized by implementing a so-called indirect impact configuration. To realize this type of configuration, a shim plate is placed between the piezoelectric ceramic and the hitting structure. At a certain base excitation frequency, the output efficiency of this configuration increases to about 4.3 times that of the direct impact configuration. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the designated power generator is able to generate electric energy up to approximately 1.57 mJ within 120 s from the vibration of a moving vehicle
Bayesian co-estimation of selfing rate and locus-specific mutation rates for a partially selfing population
We present a Bayesian method for characterizing the mating system of
populations reproducing through a mixture of self-fertilization and random
outcrossing. Our method uses patterns of genetic variation across the genome as
a basis for inference about pure hermaphroditism, androdioecy, and gynodioecy.
We extend the standard coalescence model to accommodate these mating systems,
accounting explicitly for multilocus identity disequilibrium, inbreeding
depression, and variation in fertility among mating types. We incorporate the
Ewens Sampling Formula (ESF) under the infinite-alleles model of mutation to
obtain a novel expression for the likelihood of mating system parameters. Our
Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm assigns locus-specific mutation
rates, drawn from a common mutation rate distribution that is itself estimated
from the data using a Dirichlet Process Prior (DPP) model. Among the parameters
jointly inferred are the population-wide rate of self-fertilization,
locus-specific mutation rates, and the number of generations since the most
recent outcrossing event for each sampled individual
Suitable binder for Li‑ion battery anode produced from rice husk
Rice husk (RH) is a globally abundant and sustainable bioresource composed of lignocellulose and inorganic components, the majority of which consist of silicon oxides (approximately 20% w/w in dried RH). In this work, a RH-derived C/SiOx composite (RHC) was prepared by carbonization at 1000 °C for use in Li-ion battery anodes. To find a suitable binder for RHC, the RHC-based electrodes were fabricated using two different contemporary aqueous binders: polyacrylic acid (PAA) and a combination of carboxymethyl cellulose and styrene butadiene rubber (CMC/SBR). The rate and cycling performances of the RHC electrodes with respect to the insertion/extraction of Li ions were evaluated in a half-cell configuration. The cell was shorted for 24 h to completely lithiate the RHC. Impedance analysis was conducted to identify the source of the increase in the resistance of the RHC electrodes. The RHC electrode fabricated using PAA exhibited higher specific capacity for Li-ion extraction during the cycling test. The PAA binder strengthened the electrode and alleviated the increase in electrode resistance caused by the formation of the interphase film. The high affinity of PAA for SiOx in RHC was responsible for the stabilization of the anodic performance of Li-ion batteries
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