762 research outputs found
Anisotropy of Magnetoresistance Hysteresis around the Quantum Hall State in Tilted Magnetic Field
We present an anisotropy of the hysteretic transport around the spin
transition point at Landau level filling factor in tilted magnetic
field. When the direction of the in-plane component of the magnetic field
is normal to the probe current , a strong hysteretic
transport due to the current-induced nuclear spin polarization occurs. When
is parallel to , on the other hand, the hysteresis almost
disappears. We also demonstrate that the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate
at the transition point increases with decreasing angle between
the directions of and . These results suggest that the
morphology of electron spin domains around is affected by the
current direction.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Magnetic control of particle-injection in plasma based accelerators
The use of an external transverse magnetic field to trigger and to control
electron self-injection in laser- and particle-beam driven wakefield
accelerators is examined analytically and through full-scale particle-in-cell
simulations. A magnetic field can relax the injection threshold and can be used
to control main output beam features such as charge, energy, and transverse
dynamics in the ion channel associated with the plasma blowout. It is shown
that this mechanism could be studied using state-of-the-art magnetic fields in
next generation plasma accelerator experiments.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Triplet-Singlet Spin Relaxation via Nuclei in a Double Quantum Dot
The spin of a confined electron, when oriented originally in some direction,
will lose memory of that orientation after some time. Physical mechanisms
leading to this relaxation of spin memory typically involve either coupling of
the electron spin to its orbital motion or to nuclear spins. Relaxation of
confined electron spin has been previously measured only for Zeeman or exchange
split spin states, where spin-orbit effects dominate relaxation, while spin
flips due to nuclei have been observed in optical spectroscopy studies. Using
an isolated GaAs double quantum dot defined by electrostatic gates and direct
time domain measurements, we investigate in detail spin relaxation for
arbitrary splitting of spin states. Results demonstrate that electron spin
flips are dominated by nuclear interactions and are slowed by several orders of
magnitude when a magnetic field of a few millitesla is applied. These results
have significant implications for spin-based information processing
Stability of the Excitonic Phase in Bilayer Quantum Hall Systems at Total Filling One -- Effects of Finite Well Width and Pseudopotentials --
The ground state of a bilayer quantum Hall system at with
model pseudopotential is investigated by the DMRG method. Firstly,
pseudopotential parameters appropriate for the system with finite layer
thickness are derived, and it is found that the finite thickness makes the
excitonic phase more stable. Secondly, a model, where only a few
pseudopotentials with small relative angular momentum have finite values, is
studied, and it is clarified how the excitonic phase is destroyed as
intra-layer pseudopotential becomes larger. The importance of the intra-layer
repulsive interaction at distance twice of the magnetic length for the
destruction of the excitonic phase is found.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure
Size Matters: Large Objects Capture Attention in Visual Search
Can objects or events ever capture one's attention in a purely stimulus-driven manner? A recent review of the literature set out the criteria required to find stimulus-driven attentional capture independent of goal-directed influences, and concluded that no published study has satisfied that criteria. Here visual search experiments assessed whether an irrelevantly large object can capture attention. Capture of attention by this static visual feature was found. The results suggest that a large object can indeed capture attention in a stimulus-driven manner and independent of displaywide features of the task that might encourage a goal-directed bias for large items. It is concluded that these results are either consistent with the stimulus-driven criteria published previously or alternatively consistent with a flexible, goal-directed mechanism of saliency detection
Magnetoelectric ordering of BiFeO3 from the perspective of crystal chemistry
In this paper we examine the role of crystal chemistry factors in creating
conditions for formation of magnetoelectric ordering in BiFeO3. It is generally
accepted that the main reason of the ferroelectric distortion in BiFeO3 is
concerned with a stereochemical activity of the Bi lone pair. However, the lone
pair is stereochemically active in the paraelectric orthorhombic beta-phase as
well. We demonstrate that a crucial role in emerging of phase transitions of
the metal-insulator, paraelectric-ferroelectric and magnetic disorder-order
types belongs to the change of the degree of the lone pair stereochemical
activity - its consecutive increase with the temperature decrease. Using the
structural data, we calculated the sign and strength of magnetic couplings in
BiFeO3 in the range from 945 C down to 25 C and found the couplings, which
undergo the antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic transition with the temperature
decrease and give rise to the antiferromagnetic ordering and its delay in
regard to temperature, as compared to the ferroelectric ordering. We discuss
the reasons of emerging of the spatially modulated spin structure and its
suppression by doping with La3+.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, 3 table
A Large Population Histology Study Showing the Lack of Association between ALT Elevation and Significant Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis B
OBJECTIVE: We determined the association between various clinical parameters and significant liver injury in both hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and HBeAg-negative patients. METHODS: From 1994 to 2008, liver biopsy was performed on 319 treatment-naive CHB patients. Histologic assessment was based on the Knodell histologic activity index for necroinflammation and the Ishak fibrosis staging for fibrosis. RESULTS: 211 HBeAg-positive and 108 HBeAg-negative patients were recruited, with a median age of 31 and 46 years respectively. 9 out of 40 (22.5%) HBeAg-positive patients with normal ALT had significant histologic abnormalities (necroinflammation grading >/= 7 or fibrosis score >/= 3). There was a significant difference in fibrosis scores among HBeAg-positive patients with an ALT level within the Prati criteria (30 U/L for men, 19 U/L for women) and patients with a normal ALT but exceeding the Prati criteria (p = 0.024). Age, aspartate aminotransferase and platelet count were independent predictors of significant fibrosis in HBeAg-positive patients with an elevated ALT by multivariate analysis (p = 0.007, 0.047 and 0.045 respectively). HBV DNA and platelet count were predictors of significant fibrosis in HBeAg-negative disease (p = 0.020 and 0.015 respectively). An elevated ALT was not predictive of significant fibrosis for HBeAg-positive (p = 0.345) and -negative (p = 0.544) disease. There was no significant difference in fibrosis staging among ALT 1-2 x upper limit of normal (ULN) and > x 2 ULN for both HBeAg-positive (p = 0.098) and -negative (p = 0.838) disease. CONCLUSION: An elevated ALT does not accurately predict significant liver injury. Decisions on commencing antiviral therapy should not be heavily based on a particular ALT threshold.published_or_final_versio
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